1 Seismic Reflection Data Processing and Interpretation A Workshop in Cairo 28 Oct. – 9 Nov.

2006 Cairo University, Egypt Dr. Sherif Mohamed Hanafy Lecturer Title: Workshop Overview
Workshop Targets Give an overview on the seismic reflection acquisition Give an
overview on the seismic reflection acquisition Give an overview on the seismic
reflection processing Give an overview on the seismic reflection processing Show the
mathematical background behind the processing steps Show the mathematical
background behind the processing steps Show some synthetic and field examples
Show some synthetic and field examples
Seismic Reflection Acquisition Principles of
data acquisitions Principles of data acquisitions
Equipment used for data acquisitions
Equipment used for data acquisitions Problems
facing geophysicists in the field Problems
facing geophysicists in the field Examples of
field trips Examples of field trips
Reflection Data Processing Principles of signal
processing Principles of signal processing
Mathematical basics of signal data processing
Mathematical basics of signal data processing
Time and frequency domain filters Time and
frequency domain filters Designing a
processing flow sequence Designing a
processing flow sequence
Items of signal processing 1D and 2D Fourier
Transform 1D and 2D Fourier Transform
Aliasing Aliasing Processing Sequence
Processing Sequence Demultiplexing
Demultiplexing Seismic Filters Seismic Filters
Trace Edit Trace Edit Static Correction Static
Correction Coherent Noises Coherent Noises
Convolution, Deconvolution, Cross- and Auto-
correlation Stacking NMO Velocity Analysis
Migration Modeling
Factors Controlling the Quality of the Seismic
Reflection Data Acquisition Parameters
Acquisition Parameters Number of Folds
Number of Folds Type of Source Type of Source
Surface and Subsurface Conditions Surface and
Subsurface Conditions Environmental and
Demographic Conditions Environmental and
Demographic Conditions Used Equipment
Used Equipment Weather Conditions Weather
Conditions Care taking Through Acquisition
Care taking Through Acquisition
Effect of number of folds A single fold section
Effect of number of folds A 12-folds section
 Effect of Surface and Subsurface Conditions
Poor signals between A and B is due to a
karstic limestone on the surface.
Effect of Surface and Subsurface Conditions
Same section after using a charges placed in a
hole below the karstic limestone
 Effect of Demographic Conditions A village is
situated between points A and B, so the
vibroseis source worked at low power
In conclusion, acquisition of seismic reflection
data are never done in ideal cases or ideal
environment. We always have problems.
Why do we need data processing? 1.To solve
acquisition problems 2.To enhance the
appearance of the data 3.To give a true view of
the subsurface
Effect of Deconvolution Before Deconvolution
After Deconvolution
Effect of NMO Before NMOAfter NMO After
NMO & Stacking Note: The multiples are
under-corrected Note: The multiples are
attenuated after stacking
Effect of Migration
Effect of Interpreter A seismic line interpreted
by six different contractors
End of this lecture Thank You for you attention
All examples on this lecture is based on Oz
Yilmaz, 2001, “Seismic Data Analysis,
processing, inversion, and interpretation of
seismic data”, Published by SEG