Case Study Presentation

Presented By: Tayyaba Latif

Topic: Divergent Development
Pakistan and Bangladesh
Case Study
Introduction

In 1971 Bangladesh declared

independence from Pakistan. Previously,
Bangladesh had been known as East
Pakistan and What is Now Pakistan was
called West Pakistan . Because they were
once the same country Pakistan and
Bangladesh make for an interesting
exercise in comparative development in
that two shared a common national policy
in the early years even if they did not
benefits from it equally .
General Comparison
Pakistan Bangladesh
William Easterly Bangladesh face
famine of 1943 to the
have declared
1971. its was very
Pakistan a leading poor and afflict with
example of "growth many of the social
without problems found in
development" with Pakistan has been
low social transforming itself
indicators for it from symbol of famine
to symbol of hope.
income and growth.
Continue…
More than decades later Bangladesh
confounding the skeptics it actually looks
like it may pass this test. Bangladesh
relatively better progress than Pakistan on
social development and even in recent
years in Economic growth. It started at
much lower level of social development still
has lower income accelerating economic
progress in coming years.
Development Factors Comparison Growth

Pakistan Bangladesh
PPP-adjusted incomes
remain slightly higher in
Pakistan 1940$ in
2005.Percapita income
grew at about 2.2%per
year during 1950 to
2000.percapita income
tripled but growth rate
declined. This rate due to
poor performance on
social indicators
Income lesser from
Pakistan about 1700$ in
2005.it yields up
radically economic
growth rate now tops
4%.International quota
system of multi fiber
arrangements ended but
speed and intensity of
response is a major test
of the resiliency of
Economy so outcomes is
better than many
predicted.
Poverty
Pakistan Bangladesh
The world bank Despites its lower
estimates that 31% income by some
of populations lives measures it has
below the 1$ per fewer people in
day of their income poverty. The world
in Pakistan. Bank estimates
29% of the
populations lives
below the 1$ per
day of their income
in Bangladesh.
Education and Literacy
Pakistan
Adult literacy rate below
41%
Female literacy rate is
29%
In Baluchistan at just 3%
Less than 2% GDP is
allocated to education.
10 train student
eventually go to university
Male to female secondary
enrollment ratio is 0.61
Bangladesh
Adult literacy rate below
41% but literacy growing
much more in Bangladesh
from Pakistan.
Female literacy rate at just
31%
Bangladesh has combined
school enrollment 57% to
38%
Male to female secondary
enrollment ratio is1.03 to
1.
Health
Pakistan Bangladesh
Life expectancy is Life expectancy is
64 years. 63 years.
5 mortality has According to world
fallen from 144 to bank data rising
89 per 1000 in more quickly.
Pakistan rate is still
126 per 1000.
Human Development Index
Pakistan
Pakistan rank number 134.
Pakistan 6 places lower by
its income.
Pakistan backwardness in
health and education for
its income level not fully
captured this statistics
because HDI measure of
simple education and
health. It does not include
social progress .
Bangladesh
 Bangladesh rank
number behind it at
137.
 Bangladesh 7 places
higher by its lower
income.
 Better health and
education performance
by its income level.
Population
Pakistan Bangladesh
 Lesser progress in Greater progress in
reducing fertility. reducing fertility.
In 1971 extremely high
 In 1971 extremely high
level of 6 births per
level of 6 births per women.
women. Fertility fell to 3.5 by 2002.
 Fertility fell to 5.1 by Social and economic
2002. progress increase.
Divergent path with
greater human capital
investment in one time
test case
Understanding the Divergence
Pakistan
Few oil reserves.
Import about 4th-5th of its Crude oil
requirements.
May have to begin importing natural gas.
Low income Economy despite moderate
growth.
It is not true that there has been no social
progress in Pakistan.
Geography
Pakistan Bangladesh
Geography Constrains Geography Constrains
development success development success
seems to be seems to be
disadvantage. disadvantage, more
Pakistan have high level poorly around the world.
ethnic language diversity. Most densely populated
Official language is Urdu country in the world with
and spoken by 7%. 1042 people per square
Punjabi spoken by 48%. kilometer.
Fair allocation of revenue 98% ethnic Bengali and
can resolve this issue. speak the Bengali
language.
Gender Equity
Pakistan
According to social watch
report Pakistan in the
fourth and lowest
category.
Female to male literacy is
60% in 15-24 age group.
Less share of girls enroll in
primary education than
three quarters of boys.
Pakistan receive great
deal of aid this should be
opportunity for growth.
Bangladesh
According to social watch
report Bangladesh in
above average in overall
gender equity.
Significantly higher female
to male literacy 71%.
Larger share of girls enroll
in primary education than
boys.
Also receive aid but hardly
explain the divergent
outcomes.
Governance and the role of Military
Pakistan
Military played a prominent
role in Pakistan since 1999
the nation has been
governed by military ruler
“Pervez Musharraf “whose
hold on power grew
unstable in 2007.
Long standing opposition
with India and territorial
dispute with it our Kashmir
has diverted resources
from social priorities.
Bangladesh
Military was very active
in Bangladeshi politics
in the first two decades
after independence
1971,and military
withdrawal from politics
and government after
1990 is a factor for
country progress.
Military involvement in
2007 had serious risk.
Continue…
Pakistan Bangladesh
Pakistan has experience Bangladesh has
“Elitist growth model” in
which powerful leaders
one of the most
without check balance vibrant NGO
and passive sub serving sectors in the world
populations is the root of in different areas of
the problem.
Greater social
microfinance
improvements with agenda.
available aid but long  Long term trends
term trends are for
slower growth. has for greater
growth.
Conclusion
The development levels of these two
countries are not dramatically different,
even as Bangladesh must now be given the
edge but this itself is the dramatic finding,
given the wide disparity when the countries
separated in 1971.