TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

THE COSINE FUNCTION

THE TANGENT FUNGTIONS
GENERAL TRIGONOMETRIC FUNGTION

By:
Yuni Magdalena – 1613150007
Zelia Das Mesak – 1613150016
Petra Krisnawati Citra – 1613150026
Hillary Tesyalonika - 1613150027
THE COSINE FUNCTION
Y = a cos bx
The cosine curve 𝑦 = cos 𝑥, has a period of 2𝜋, an amplitude of 1 and its range is −1 ≪ 𝑦 < 1
The maximum value is 1 and the minimum is -1
Now view the relationship between the sine and cosine functions
𝜋
𝑦 = cos 𝑥 and 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 are identical in shape, but the cosine function is units left of
2
the sine function under a horizontal translation
𝜋
cos 𝑥 = sin(𝑥 + )
2
EXAMPLE
Of the same set of axes graph y = cos x and
y = 3 cos x y = 3 cos x

y = cos x a = 3, so the amplitude is |1| = 1,

a = 1, so the amplitude is |1| = 1, b = 1, 𝟐𝝅 𝟐𝝅
so the period is = = 𝟐𝝅
𝟐𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝒃 𝟏
so the period is = = 𝟐𝝅
𝒃 𝟏
GENERAL COSINE FUNCTION
𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝑏 𝑥 − 𝑐 +𝑑

a≠0
b>0

c = If c is positive, the graph will move to the right

If c is negative, the graph will move to the left
d is the principal axis of the general sine function y = d

If d is positive, the graph will move up

If d is negative, the graph will move down

x = special angle
amplitude = 𝒂
𝟐𝝅
period is 𝒃
EXAMPLE

𝜋
Sketch the graph from 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 to 𝑦 = cos(𝑥 − )
3
𝜋 180°
a = |1|= 1 𝑐= = = 60
3 3

b=1
2𝜋 2𝜋
Period = = = 2𝜋
𝑑 1

390 420 X
 𝜋
■ Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 − +2
3
𝜋 180°
a = |1| = 1 𝑐= = = 60
3 3

b=1 d=2
2𝜋 2.180°
Periode = = = 180°
𝑑 2

390 420 X
THE TANGENT FUNGTIONS

Y = a tan bx
■ The tangen curve 𝑦 = tan 𝑥, has a period of 𝜋, an range is −1 < 𝑥 < 1. The
maximum value is ∞ and the minimum is −∞
THE GENERAL TANGEN FUNCTION

■ The general tangent function is 𝑦 = 𝑎 tan 𝑏 𝑥 − 𝑐 + 𝑑, 𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑏 > 0

■ The principal axis is 𝑦 = 𝑑
𝜋
■ The peroid of this function is
𝑏

■ The amplitude of this function is undefined

Example
𝜋
Without using technology, sketch the graph of 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 + for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3𝜋.
4
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = tan 𝑥 + is a horizontal translation of 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 through −
4 4
𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋
𝑦 = tan 𝑥 has vertical asymptotes 𝑥 = , 𝑥 = , and 𝑥 =
2 2 2

Its 𝑥-axis intercepts are 0, 𝜋, 2𝜋, and 3𝜋.

𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋 9𝜋 3𝜋
𝑦 = tan 𝑥 + has vertical asymptotes 𝑥 = , 𝑥 = ,𝑥 = , and 𝑥 − intercepts ,
4 4 4 4 4
7𝜋 11𝜋
, 𝑎𝑛𝑑
4 4