TDD – FDD Handover

LTE1060

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Background
• This feature provides support for handover:
• from FDD to TDD
• from TDD to FDD
• Handovers are categorised as ‘inter-frequency’ rather than ‘inter-RAT’
• Handovers can be completed using either X2 or S1
• Measurement reporting events:
• A2 and A1 are used to start/stop target cell measurements
• A3 and/or A5 are used to report suitable target cells
• A4 is also used when inter-frequency load balancing is enabled

Coverage triggered IFHO Load Balancing IFHO

TDD TDD

FDD FDD

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Requirements

• System Release RL50

• Flexi Multiradio BTS LBTS5.0
• Flexi Multiradio 10 BTS LBTS5.0

• There following features must be enabled as a prerequisite:

• LTE55: Inter-frequency Handover
• LTE54: Intra-LTE handover via S1, if S1 handover is to be used
• LTE53: Intra-LTE handover via X2, if X2 handover is to be used
• LTE1170: Inter-frequency Load Balancing, if load balancing is to be used

• The UE must signal its support using Feature Group Indicators (FGI) 13, 14,
25 and 30 (see later slide)

• This feature is Application Software (ASW) so requires a license

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Enabling the Feature
• The actIfHo parameter is used to enable the feature
• existing legacy parameter for inter-frequency handover
• This parameter is online so does not require object locking for modification

Name Range Default Description

actIfHo disabled (0), enabled This parameter enables the feature Inter Frequency
enabled (1) (1) Handover to FDD and TDD neighbor cells.
(LNBTS)

• The prerequisite features are enabled using:

• actLTES1Ho
• handoverAllowed
• prioTopoHO
• actInterFreqLB

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UE Requirements
• 3GPP release 8 Feature Group Indicators (FGI) indicate UE support for the
various procedures used by FDD-TDD handover
• bit 13 – inter-frequeny handover (requires bit 25 to be set to ‘1’)
• bit 25 – inter-frequency measurements
• bit 30 – FDD-TDD handover
• bit 14 – events A4/A5

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Parameter Objects
ADIPNO LNBTS IAFIM
• Existing adIpNoId = 1
LNCEL
lnBtsId = 0 lnCelId = 0 to 65535 iafimId = 1
objects GTPU to
1048575
used for gtpuId = 1 blacklistHoL IRFIM Per E-UTRA
1 to 502 carrier
TDD SCTP irfimId = 1 to 5
sctpId = 1
neighbour
UFFIM Per group of
definition LNMME
uffimId = 1 UTRA carriers
lnMmeId = 0 to 15

LNADJL LNADJ GFIM GNFL

lnAdjlId = 0 to 5 lnAdjId = 0 to 63 gfimId = 1 gnflId = 1 to 16

LNADJW systemInformation Per group of

lnAdjWId = 0 to 255 ListWCDMA REDRT GSM carriers
1 to 16 redrtId = 0 to 5 Per re-direction
target
LNADJG
lnAdjGId = 0 to 255 LNHOW Per UTRA
carrier
systemInfoList lnHoWId = 0 to 15
Geran, 1 to 10
LNHOIF Per E-UTRA
lnHoIfId = 1 to 16 carrier
plmnId + lac + ci LNRELG
lnRelId = 0 to 255 LNHOG Per group of
GSM carriers
lnHoGId = 0 to 5
plmnId + uTargetRncId + uTargetCid LNRELW
lnRelId = 0 to 255

ecgiPlmnId + ecgiAdjEnbId +ecgiLcrId LNREL

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TDD Neighbour Definition
• TDD neighbours are defined using LNADJ and LNADJL parameter objects
• same objects as used for FDD neighbours
• The LNADJL object includes parameters which are applicable to:
• both FDD and TDD
• FDD only
• TDD only

Common to FDD & TDD FDD only TDD has its own
transmission bandwidth
lnAdjlId dlTrmBw parameter
phyCellId ulTrmBw
fDlEarfcn fUlEarfcn
TDD has common
Tac UL/DL carrier frequency
ecgiAdjEnbId
ecgiLcrId
ecgiPlmnId – mcc Cyclic prefix
ecgiPlmnId – mnc TDD only
ecgiPlmnId – mncLength cpConfDL
Transmission
bandwidth
bcPlmnIdList – mcc cpConfUL
bcPlmnIdList – mnc trmBwTD Special Subframe
Configuration
bcPlmnIdList – mncLength spcSubConfTD
sourceOfData ulDlConfTD
UL/DL
Configuration
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ADJL Parameters (I)
• The cyclic prefix and special subframe configuration parameters are shown
below

Name Range Default Description

cpConfDL normal (0), - Adjacent cyclic prefix configuration in DL. The parameter
extended (1) is not applicable for FDD neighbor cells.
(LNADJL)

Name Range Default Description

cpConfUL normal (0), - Adjacent cyclic prefix configuration in UL. The parameter
extended (1) is not applicable for FDD neighbor cells.
(LNADJL)

Name Range Default Description

spcSubConfTD ssp0 (0), ssp1 (1), - Supported special subframe configuration by
ssp2 (2), ssp3 (3), neighbor eNB. The parameter is not applicable for
(LNADJL) ssp4 (4), ssp5 (5), FDD neighbor cells.
ssp6 (6), ssp7 (7),
ssp8 (8)

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ADJL Parameters (II)
• The transmission bandwidth and UL/DL subframe configuration parameters are
shown below

Name Range Default Description

trmBwTD 6nrb (0), 15nrb - Uplink and Downlink Transmission Bandwidth Of Cell
(1), 25nrb (2), Served By Neighbor ENB. The parameter is not
(LNADJL) 50nrb (3), 75nrb applicable for FDD neighbor cells. The enumerated
(4), 100nrb (5) values correspond to the number of resource blocks
"NRB".

Name Range Default Description

ulDlConfTD sa0 (0), sa1 (1), - UL and DL Configuration of a subframe in a radio frame
sa2 (2), sa3 (3), supported by neighbor eNB.
(LNADJL) sa4 (4), sa5 (5), The parameter is not applicable for FDD neighbor cells.
sa6 (6)

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Coverage based Handover
• UE is configured with an event A2 threshold to trigger Trigger Event A2 due to
a Measurement Report when the UE moves into weak weak RSRP
coverage
• The UE is then instructed to measure inter-frequency Configure the UE for inter-
carriers and to evaluate the conditions for events A3 frequency measurements
and A5
• The eNode B takes a handover decision after Event A3 or A5 triggered by
receiving an A3 or A5 measurement report inter-frequency neighbour

• Handover preparation, execution and completion

procedures are applied Handover Decision

Event A2 Handover Preparation

threshold

FDD
Handover Execution
Event A3 / A5
reports
Handover Completion
Handover
TDD
procedure

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Measurement Reporting Event A2 (I)
• Reporting for event A2 is triggered when the following condition is true:

Meas,serving + Hysteresis < Threshold

• Reporting for event A2 is subsequently stopped when the following condition

is true:

Meas,serving - Hysteresis > Threshold

• The measurement quantity is RSRP

• Triggering conditions must be satisfied during the time-to-trigger

RSRP
• The parameters associated with event A2
for inter-frequency handover are:
A2 time-to-
trigger • threshold2InterFreq
A2 trigger
A2 threshold
• hysThreshold2InterFreq
RSRP serving
• a2TimeToTriggerActInterFreqMeas
move direction

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Measurement Reporting Event A2 (II)

Name Range Default Description

threshold2InterFreq 0 to 97 33 Threshold for RSRP of serving cell. If the value is below
Th2_InterFreq, inter frequency measurements are
(LNCEL) started.

Name Range Default Description

hysThreshold2InterFreq 0 to 15 - Related Hysteresis of Threshold for RSRP of serving
cell for start of inter frequency measurements
(LNCEL)
Parameter is used within the entry and leave condition
of the A2 triggered reporting condition. The IE value is
multiplied by 2.

Name Range Default Description

a2TimeToTriggerActInterFreqMeas 0ms (0), 40ms (1), 480ms (9) Duration for which the event A2
64ms (2), 80ms (3), must be valid, such that
(LNCEL) 100ms (4), 128ms (5),
additional InterFrequency
160ms (6), 256ms (7),
320ms (8), 480ms (9), measurements are activated
512ms (10), 640ms
(11), 1024ms (12),
1280ms (13), 2560ms
(14), 5120ms (15),
notUsed (16)

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Measurement Reporting Event A1 (I)
• Reporting for event A1 is used to stop measurements if coverage improves
• Reporting for event A1 is triggered when the following condition is true:

Meas,serving - Hysteresis > Threshold

• Reporting for event A1 is subsequently stopped when the following condition

is true:
Meas,serving + Hysteresis < Threshold

• The measurement quantity is RSRP

• Triggering conditions must be satisfied during the time-to-trigger

RSRP
• The parameters associated with event A1 are
RSRP serving
(same parameters used for iRAT handover):
• threshold2a
A1 threshold
A1 trigger • hysThreshold2a
A1 time-to-trigger
• a1TimeToTriggerDeactInterMeas
move direction

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Measurement Reporting Event A1 (II)
Name Range Default Description
threshold2a 0 to 97 35 Threshold for RSRP of serving cell for stopping of Inter-RAT
(InterFreq) Measurements Threshold for RSRP of serving cell. If
(LNCEL) Inter-RAT (InterFreq) measurements are active and value exceeds
Th2a (event A1) then Inter-RAT measurements are stopped.
Th2_XXX <= Th2a for XXX= InterFreq, WCDMA, GSM

Name Range Default Description

hysThreshold2a 0 to 15 2 Related Hysteresis of Threshold for RSRP of serving cell for
stopping of Inter-RAT (InterFreq) Measurements
(LNCEL)
Parameter is used within the entry and leave condition of the A1
triggered reporting condition. The IE value is multiplied by 2.

Name Range Default Description

a1TimeToTriggerDeactInterMeas 0ms (0), 40ms (1), 480ms (9) Time to trigger deactivation of all
64ms (2), 80ms (3), measurements Duration for which
(LNCEL) 100ms (4), 128ms (5),
the event A1 must be valid, such
160ms (6), 256ms (7),
320ms (8), 480ms (9), that Inter-Frequency/Inter-RAT
512ms (10), 640ms measurements are deactivated
(11), 1024ms (12),
1280ms (13), 2560ms
(14), 5120ms (15),
notUsed (16)

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Inter-Frequency Measurements
Trigger Event A2 due to
• Use of the A3 and A5 reporting events is controlled weak RSRP
using the legacy parameters:
• enableBetterCellHo (A3)
Configure the UE for inter-
• enableCovHo (A5) frequency measurements
• The measurement quantity used for the A3 reporting
event can be configured using the legacy parameter: Event A3 or A5 triggered by
• measQuantInterFreq inter-frequency neighbour

• The A5 reporting event always uses RSRP as a

measurement quantity Handover Decision

Handover Preparation

Handover Execution

Handover Completion

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Measurement Reporting Event A3 (I)
• Reporting for event A3 is Measneigh + Offsetneigh,freq + Offsetneigh,cell - Hyst. >
triggered when the
Measserving + Offsetserving,freq + Offsetserving,cell + Offset
following condition is true:

• Reporting for event A3 is Measneigh + Offsetneigh,freq + Offsetneigh,cell + Hyst. <

stopped when the following
Measserving + Offsetserving,freq + Offsetserving,cell + Offset
condition is true:
• Triggering conditions must • The main parameters associated with event
be satisfied during the A3 for inter-frequency handover are:
time-to-trigger • a3OffsetRsrpInterFreq
• hysA3OffsetRsrpInterFreq
RSRP RSRP neigh • a3TimeToTriggerRsrpInterFreq
A3 time-to-trigger
• a3OffsetRsrqInterFreq
A3 trigger • hysA3OffsetRsrqInterFreq
A3 offset
• a3TimeToTriggerRsrqInterFreq
RSRP serving • Cell specific and frequency specific
move direction
offsets can also be configured using
HOIF, LNREL and LNCEL parameters
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Measurement Reporting Event A3 (II)

Name Range Default Description

a3OffsetRsrpInterFreq -15 to 15 - Margin for RSRP for better cell HO. Used in
dB measurement event type A3 where the event is triggered
(LNHOIF) when the inter frequency neighbour cell becomes A3
offset better than the serving cell.

Name Range Default Description

hysA3OffsetRsrpInterFreq 0 to 15 - Related Hysteresis of Handover Margin for Better Cell
Handover of Inter-Frequency Parameter is used within
(LNHOIF) the entry and leave condition of the A3 triggered
reporting condition. The IE value is multiplied by 2.

Name Range Default Description

a3TimeToTriggerRsrpInterFreq 0ms (0), 40ms (1), notUsed Time for which the specific criteria for
64ms (2), 80ms (3), (16) the inter frequency measurement
(LNHOIF) 100ms (4), 128ms (5),
event A3 with quantity RSRP must be
160ms (6), 256ms (7),
320ms (8), 480ms (9), met in order to trigger a measurement
512ms (10), 640ms report. Value definitions as stated in
(11), 1024ms (12), 3GPP TS36.331: value MS0
1280ms (13), 2560ms corresponds to 0 ms, MS40 to 40 ms
(14), 5120ms (15), and so on.
notUsed (16)

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Measurement Reporting Event A3 (III)

Name Range Default Description

a3OffsetRsrqInterFreq -15 to 15 - Margin for RSRQ for better cell HO. Used in
dB measurement event type A3 where the event is triggered
(LNHOIF) when the inter frequency neighbour cell becomes A3
offset better than the serving cell.

Name Range Default Description

hysA3OffsetRsrqInterFreq 0 to 15 - Related Hysteresis of Handover Margin for Quality
Handover of Inter-Frequency Parameter is used within
(LNHOIF) the entry and leave condition of the A3 triggered
reporting condition. The IE value is multiplied by 2.

Name Range Default Description

a3TimeToTriggerRsrqInterFreq 0ms (0), 40ms (1), notUsed Time for which the specific criteria for
64ms (2), 80ms (3), (16) the inter frequency measurement
(LNHOIF) 100ms (4), 128ms (5),
event A3 with quantity RSRQ must be
160ms (6), 256ms (7),
320ms (8), 480ms (9), met in order to trigger a measurement
512ms (10), 640ms report. Value definitions as stated in
(11), 1024ms (12), 3GPP TS36.331: value MS0
1280ms (13), 2560ms corresponds to 0 ms, MS40 to 40 ms
(14), 5120ms (15), and so on.
notUsed (16)

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Measurement Reporting Event A5 (I)
• Reporting for event A5 Measserv + Hyst. < Thres_1 AND
is triggered when the
Measneigh + Offsetneigh,freq + Offsetneigh,cell – Hyst > Thresh_2
following is true:

• Reporting for event A5 Measserv - Hyst. > Thres_1 OR

is stopped when the
Measneigh + Offsetneigh,freq + Offsetneigh,cell + Hyst < Thresh_2
following is true:
• Triggering conditions must
be satisfied during the • The main parameters associated with event
time-to-trigger A5 for inter-frequency handover are:
• hysThreshold3InterFreq
• threshold3InterFreq
RSRP RSRP neigh
• threshold3aInterFreq
A5 thresh_2 A5 time-to-trigger
• a5TimeToTriggerInterFreq
A5 trigger • Cell specific and frequency specific
A5 thresh_1
RSRP serving offsets can also be configured using
move direction HOIF, LNREL and LNCEL parameters

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Measurement Reporting Event A5 (II)

Name Range Default Description

hysThreshold3InterFreq 0 to 15 - Related Hysteresis of Handover Margin for Coverage
dB Handover of Inter-Frequency Parameter is used within
(LNHOIF) the entry and leaves condition of the A5 triggered
reporting condition. The IE value is multiplied by 2.

Name Range Default Description

threshold3InterFreq 0 to 97 - Threshold for RSRP of serving cell. If RSRP of serving cell is
lower than Th3 and RSRP of inter frequency-neighbor cell
(LNHOIF) greater Than Th3a then handover is triggered.

Name Range Default Description

threshold3aInterFreq 0 to 97 - Threshold for RSRP of serving cell. If RSRP of serving cell is
lower than Th3 and RSRP of inter-frequency neighbor cell
(LNHOIF) greater than Th3a then handover is triggered.

Name Range Default Description

a5TimeToTriggerInterFreq 0ms (0), 40ms (1), 64ms
(2), 80ms (3), 100ms (4),
(LNHOIF) 128ms (5), 160ms (6),
256ms (7), 320ms (8),
480ms (9), 512ms (10),
640ms (11), 1024ms (12),
1280ms (13), 2560ms
(14), 5120ms (15)
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notUsed Time for which the specific criteria for
(16) the inter frequency measurement event
A5 must be met in order to trigger a
measurement report. Value definitions
as stated in 3GPP TS36.331: value
MS0 corresponds to 0 ms, MS40 to 40
ms and so on.
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Handover Completion
Trigger Event A2 due to
• Once the handover decision has been taken based weak RSRP
upon the A3 and/or A5 reports then the remainder of
the handover procedure follows the normal patern
• either X2 based, or S1 based Configure the UE for inter-
frequency measurements

Event A3 or A5 triggered by
inter-frequency neighbour

Handover Decision

Handover Preparation

Handover Execution

Handover Completion

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Load based Handover
• Load monitoring:
• downlink GBR, downlink non-GBR
and PDCCH load periodically
Load Monitoring
measured and evaluated
• Selection of Candidate UE:
• UE which switch from Idle to
Connected states Selection of Candidate UE
• UE establishing QCI 1 can be
excluded depending upon
configuration of iFLBBearCheckTimer
• UE measurements: UE Measurements
• A4 inter-frequency measurement
reporting is used
• target cell identified
• Inter-frequency Handover Inter-Frequency Handover
• normal inter-frequency handover
completed

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Measurement Reporting Event A4 (I)

• Event A4 is triggered when: Mn  Ofn  Ocn  Hys  Thresh

• Triggering stops when: Mn  Ofn  Ocn  Hys  Thresh

• Mn is the measurement result of the neighbouring cell

• Ofn is the frequency specific offset of the frequency of the neighbour cell
• Ocn is the cell specific offset of the neighbour cell
• Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event
• Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event

• Mn is expressed in dBm in case of RSRP, or in dB in case of RSRQ

• Ofn, Ocn, Hys are expressed in dB
• Thresh is expressed in the same unit as Ms

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Event A4 Configuration

• The parameters used to configure event A4 are hard coded and are non-
configurable:
• Trigger quantity is RSRP
• Reporting quantities are both RSRP and RSRQ
• A4 triggering threshold is 0 (-140 dBm)
• Hysteresis is 0 dB
• Time-to-Trigger is 40 ms
• The Report Amount is 1
• Report Interval is 60 mins
• A low triggering threshold is used to allow the UE to report as many cells as
possible
• quality checks are completed by the eNode B after the UE has provided
its measurements

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Event A4 Procedure
• When event A4 is activated for a UE:
• the eNode B runs a 3 second supervision timer
• if that timer expires before the UE has provided an event A4
measurement report then event A4 is de-activated
• the UE is not considered for IFLB
• if an inter-frequency / inter-RAT event A2 is triggered while the 3 second
supervision timer is running then the supervision timer is stopped
• the UE is not considered for IFLB

Name Range Default Description

reportTimerIFLBA4 500, 1000, 3000 ms Timer to supervise the A4 report. At expiry the A4 event
1500, 2000, will be deactivated. The parameter is to be vendor-
(LNBTS) 3000, 5000 specific and will be started at the time when the A4
ms event had been configured in the UE.

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Counters

• There are no new counters associated with this feature

• Existing inter-frequency handover counters are incremented

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