GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

THERMAL ANALYSIS OF
POWER TRANSFORMERS
PART-1
INTRODUCTION
 Prepared By
Desai Keyur H
150110707003
What is Thermal Analysis?

Thermal Analysis Overview

Why it is required for Electrical Machines?

Thermal Analysis For Power Transformer-Introduction

THERMAL ANALYSIS:
 Thermal analysis is a branch of materials science where the
properties of materials are studied as they change with
temperature.
 Several methods are commonly used – these are distinguished
from one another by the property which is measured:
 Thermal analysis calculates the temperature and heat transfer
within and between components in your design and its
environment.
 This is an important consideration of design, as many products
and material have temperature dependent properties. Product
safety is also a consideration—if a product or component gets
too hot, you may have to design a guard over it.
THERMAL ANALYSIS OVERVIEW

 The heat flow through the components can be in a steady state (where the heat flow
does not change over time) or transient in nature. The thermal analogy of a linear
static analysis is a steady-state thermal analysis, while a dynamic structural analysis
is analogous to a transient thermal analysis.
 Heat transfer problems can be solved using structural and fluid flow analysis
methods:
 In a thermal structural analysis, the effect of the moving air or a moving liquid is
approximated by a series of boundary conditions or loads.
 In a thermal fluid analysis, the effect of the air or a liquid is calculated, increasing
the run time but also increasing to overall solution accuracy.
THERMAL STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OVERVIEW
 Thermal structural analysis is the application of the finite element method to
calculate the temperature distribution within a solid structure, which is due to the
thermal inputs (heat loads), outputs (heat loss), and thermal barriers (thermal
contact resistance) in your design.
 Thermal structural analysis solves the conjugate heat transfer problem with the
simulation calculation of thermal conduction, convection, and radiation.
 Two methods of heat transfer—convection and radiation—are applied as boundary
conditions in thermal structural analysis.
 Both convection (set by a surface film coefficient) and radiation (surface emissivity)
can emit and receive thermal energy to and from the environment, but only
radiation transfers thermal energy between disconnected bodies in the assembly.
 Radiation—In order to calculate the effect of heat leaving one component and
being transported by a moving fluid to another components the fluid impact has
to be calculated.
 Convection—to calculate a more accurate thermal structural analysis.
THERMAL FLUID ANALYSIS OVERVIEW
 Easily investigate the impact of cooling and design changes on component
temperatures using thermal fluid analysis.
 You can quickly determine the impact of fluids flowing in and around the design to
ensure correct thermal performance, product quality, and safety.
 Thermal fluid analysis enables analysis of conjugate heat transfer (thermal
conduction in solids, convection between fluid and solid, and radiation)
using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) so you can:
 Detect hot spots in their designs
 Reduce overheating challenges
 Improve thermal isolation
 Leverage thermal performance in their products
WHY IT IS REQUIRED FOR ELECTRICAL MACHINES?
 Heating of electrical machines caused as a result of energy losses appear during
their work. All of energy that loses converted into heat energy.
 Mechanical losses and they in the iron do not depend on the loads, so they are
taken constant. Losses in the contacts are in the right proportion with the load (21),
while those in copper increases with the load quadratic (I2 R).
 From above can be issued the
general expression for the lost power in the machine:
Ph = A + B*I+ C*I2
 It is clear that the heating of machine depends on the loads, so it will be greater for
larger losses.
 Though, electrical machines contains of several parts with different thermal
features, the heat process study based on the heating theory of ideal rigid body.
With rigid body implied the homogeneous ideal body, where all the body points
have the same temperature and the whole its surface has the same ability to spread
the heat.
SOFTWERES USED FOR THERMAL ANALYSIS
 Abaqus: Franco-American software from SIMULIA, owned by Dassault Systemes.
 ADINA: finite element software for structural, fluid, heat transfer, electromagnetic, and
multiphysics problems, including fluid-structure interaction and thermo-mechanical coupling
 Advance Design: BIM software for FEM structural analysis, including international design
eurocodes, a solution developed by GRAITEC.
 ALGOR: American software from Autodesk. (Renamed to Simulation Multiphysics.)
 Altair HyperWorks: A full CAE pre-processing and post-processing suite.
 ANSA: An advanced CAE pre-processing software for complete model build up.
 ANSYS: American software
 AutoForm: Swiss origin German software for Sheet metal forming process chain
 Computers and Structures: Berkeley, California-based producers of SAP2000, CSiBridge, ETABS,
SAFE, PERFORM-3D, and CSiCOL
 COMSOL Multiphysics COMSOL Multiphysics Finite Element Analysis Software formerly Femlab
 CosmosWorks

 DEFORM
 Diffpack Software for finite element analysis and partial differential equations
 Dynamis General purpose Finite Element Analysis from DTECH

 Extreme Loading for Structures: Software made by Applied Science International for non-linear dynamic structural
analysis, progressive collapse, blast, seismic, impact and other loading.
 FEFLOW: simulates groundwater flow, mass transfer and heat transfer in porous media
 Femap, Siemens PLM Software: A pre and post processor for Windows

 FEMtools, Dynamic Design Solutions: A toolbox for static and dynamic simulation, verification, validation and updating
of finite element models. Includes also modules for structural optimization and for obtaining experimental reference
data.
 Flexcom, Finite element package used in the offshore oil and gas industry. Developed by MCS Kenny.
 FlexPDE

 HydroGeoSphere: A 3D control-volume finite element hydrologic model, simulating surface and subsurface water flow
and solute and thermal energy transport
 HyperSizer, design software specializing in composite materials; integrates with other software
 JMAG, Japanese software
 LS-DYNA, LSTC – Livermore Software Technology Corporation
 LUSAS: UK Software

 MADYMO: TASS – TNO Automotive Safety Solutions

 Nastran: American software, from MSC Software
 NEi Fusion, NEi Software: 3D CAD modeler + Nastran FEA
 NEi Nastran, NEi Software: General purpose Finite Element Analysis
 NEi Works: Embedded Nastran for SolidWorks users
 OrcaFlex: Finite element software used primarily for analysis of offshore dynamic structures
 PZFlex: American software for wave propagation and piezoelectric devices
 Quickfield : Physics simulating software
 Radioss: A linear and nonlinear solver owned by Altair Engineering
 Range Software: Multiphysics simulation software
 S-FRAME: Software for civil and structural engineers
 SAMCEF: CAE package developed by the Belgian company
 SAP2000: American software
 SESAM: Norwegian software, developed by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) for the offshore and maritime
industries.
 STRAND7: Developed in Sydney Australia by Strand7 Pty. Ltd. Marketed as Straus7 in Italy.
 StressCheck developed by ESRD, Inc (USA) emphasizing solution accuracy by utilizing high order
elements
 Vflo: Physics-based distributed hydrologic modeling software, developed by Vieux & Associates, Inc.
 VisualFEA, Korean software for structural and geotechnical analysis
CONCLUSIONS
 Thermal Analysis is having two approaches:
 Structural Analysis
 Fluid Analysis

 Thermal Analysis is the way to find out Hot Spot Temperature.

 By use of various type of softwares we can do thermal analysis very effectively.
 After here onwards we are defining two different approaches:
 Circuit based approach
 Model based approach

 In the Next Seminar we will see one research paper of thermal analysis which gives
us clear idea.
 www.ieeexplore.com
 Electrical machine analysis by using Finite elements – Nicola Bianchi
 www.ansis.com