HISTORY OF

PSYCHOLOGY

Prepared by: Rosana F. Rodriguez R. N. Man

 ROOTS OF PSYCHOLOGY
• Roots of psychology can be
HIPPOCRATES
traced back 2000 years ago to
the early philosophers,
biologists, and physiologists of
ancient Greece. • Hippocrates –
Greek Physiologist that thought
the mind or soul resided in the
brain. • He believed that it was
not composed of a physical
substance.
• This is called mind-body-dualism
– seeing mind and body as two
different things that interact.
PLATO (350 B.C)
• Greek
philosopher
that believed
that who we
are and what
we know are
innate
(inborn).
ARISTOTLE
• Lived in 4’th century B.C.
• Was one of the earliest
writers who devote
attention to psychology
• He believe that at birth ,
the mind is a tubula
masa, a blank sheet and
that the experiences
one encounters during
one’s lifetime are
impressed on the mind.
 ARISTOTLE
• He suggested the three principles of
memory:
 Similarity
 Contrast
 Contiguity
• Aristotle and other early writers were
not scientific in their investigation
and dependent more on common
sense, speculation, and insight .
• Psychology then is considered a
branch of philosophy.
ST. AUGUSTINE
• The next precursor of
the modern
psychologist because
of his skill in
introspection and his
great curiosity about
psychological
phenomena, which
include observations
on young infants and
crowds at chariot races
RENE DESCARTES (1596-
1650)
• left his mark on
history of
psychology through
his concept of reflex
action, which has
had significant place
both in physiology
and psychology.
WILHELM WUNDT
• The founder of modern
Experimental
Psychology.
• Together with other
German Philosophers they
started to use scientific
methodology in their
psychological studies.
• They established the
first Psychological
laboratories in Leipzig in
1879
 WILHELM WUNDT
• Two Theories of Mind:
• Faculty Psychology- was a doctrine of
mental powers. According to this theory,
the mind had a few mental principal,
faculties such as thinking, feeling and
willing that accounted for its activities.
• The Association Psychologists- They
denied the inborn faculties of minds.
Instead they limited the minds content to
ideas coming by way of senses, which then
become associated through principles such
as similarity, contrast and contiguity.
HERMAN VON HEMHOLTZ
• he measured
the speed of the
nerve, set fourth
a theory of color
vision and
offered an
explanation for
our perception of
musical tones.
ERNST B. WEBER (1795-1878)
• He found that the
smallest detectable
difference between
weights depended on
the ratio between the
weights and not on their
absolute sizes. The
smallest weight of 40
grams was with a weight
of 41 grams and, above
80 grams was with 92
grams. Thus a ratio of
1:40 describes the least
perceptible differences.
 ERNST B. WEBER (1795-
1878)
• Stated that a difference that is
perceptible bears a constant
ratio to the size of the standard
stimulus. That is more weight
should be added to heavier
weight if the difference is to be
perceived; greater length must
be added to a longer line if the
change in length is noticeable.
GUSTAV T. FECHNER(1801-
1887)
• Extended and gave
publicity to Weber’s
findings in his famous
book “Psychophysics”
published in 1860. He
discover that by
changing a physical
stimulus slowly and
noting the steps of
judgment expressed
(expressed as the
number of justi-
noticeable- differences
or j.n.d.’s)
 GUSTAV T FECHNER(1801-
1887)
• The method Fechner invented,
known as the Psychophysical
Methods, determined Psychology's
first laboratory procedures.
• They also serve as the basis for
scaling of measured attitudes.
•
NEVIL MASKELYNE(1732-1811)
• Of the Greenwich
Astronomical
Observatory,
dismissed
Kinnebrook, his
assistant because he
erred by nearly 1
second in recording
the time that the
certain bodies
passed an
observation point.
FRIEDRICH BESSEL
• the astronomer at
the Konigsberg
Observatory became
interested in the
report of Kinnebrook
incident after 20
years. He began to
study what he called
the “personal
equation” of different
astronomers.
 BESSEL
• He concluded that each
astronomer had a personal
equation and that real differences
between astronomers were usually
present.. These differences, in the
estimate of observers, came to be
known as differences in reaction
time.
SIR FRANCIS GALTON(1844)
• established his
anthropometric
laboratory in
London where he
gave tests to
people who come
to his laboratory.
He confirmed and
extended the theory
of Bessel
• Father of “ Mental
Tests”
CHARLES DARWIN(1809-1882)
• Theory of Evolution.
This theory
established
the continuity
between animal
and human.
It made
comparative
psychology
important.
•  
ANTON MESMER(1734-1814)
• Another body of
influence on
psychology came
from medicine and
psychology
especially from
the treatment of
the mentally ill.
• He was the one
who introduced
hypnotism.
SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)
• The founder of
that branch of
medical
psychology
known as
Psychoanalysis.
 AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST
• At about the beginning of 20th century,
A number of American Psychologists
became interested in the development
in Germany and went there to get
training. Four of the better known
psychologists among this batch were
William James (1842-1910), consider
as the “ Dean of American
Psychologists” G. Stanley Hall, James
Cattell and Edward Titchener.
•
 AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST
WILLIAM JAMES(1842-1910) G. STANLEY HALL
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST
JAMES CATTEL EDWARD TITCHENER
 AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST
• The first formal laboratory was
first set up at THE John Hopkins
Universities in 1833. Other
laboratories were established at
major universities throughout
the country.
HERMAN EBBINGHAUS
• reported his
studies in
learning and
memory which
were directly
inspired by
Fechner’s
measurement
of sensation
 HISTORY OF
PSYCHOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
  
Glimpse of the history of
Psychology in the Philippines
• Psychology in the Philippines was
established by American during the early
1900’s when Psychology was taught as a
subject separate from Philosophy.
• In 1926 THE Department of Psychology
was formed at the School of Education in
the University of the Philippines.
•  
• In 1948 University of Sto. Tomas was the
first to offer a degree of course in
Psychology and Post Graduate Masteral
and Doctoral programs.
 Notable Pillars of Psychology in the
Philippines
Dr. Augusto Alonzo
• obtained his Ph. D. In
Experimental
Psychology from the
University of Chicago
in 1926 and became
the head of U.P.
Department of
Psychology.
 Notable Pillars of Psychology in the
Philippines
Dr. Sinforoso Padilla
• the first to major in
Psychology from
the under-graduate
to doctoral level, all
of which he
obtained from U.P.
He established the
first psychological
clinic in 1932 at U.P.
 Notable Pillars of Psychology in the
Philippines
Fr. Angel de Blas, Ph. D
• from UST and
became chairman of
the Department of
Psychology from
1930-1954. He
established the first
experimental
psychological
laboratory in 1938 at
UST
 Notable Pillars of Psychology in the
Philippines
Dr. Jesus Perpinan
• obtained his Ph.D.
In psychology from
lowa State
University in 1933
set up of the FEU
Psychological clinic
and became the of
the Department of
Psychology.
 Notable Pillars of Psychology in the
Philippines
Dr. Elias Bumatay
• received his Ph.D.
In Educational
Psychology from
the university of
Texas in 1940 and
later became the
dean of Education
of National
University.
Notable Pillars of Psychology in the
Philippines
Dr. Jaime Zaguirre
• established the
first Neuro-
psychiatry
Department at V.
Luna General
Hospital in 1947.
 Notable Pillars of Psychology in the
Philippines
Dr. Estafania Aldaba Lim
• was the first Filipina
to received a Ph.D. In
clinical psychology
from the University of
Michigan. In 1948,she
began the psychology
program at PWU with
the establishment of
its Institute for
Human Relations.
 Notable Pillars of Psychology in the
Philippines
Dr. Alfredo Lagmay
• finished his Ph.D. In
Experimental
Psychology in 1955 at
Harvard University .He
became the chairman
of UP Psychology
Department and held
the position for 22
years.
•
 Notable Pillars of Psychology in the
Philippines
Dr. Mariano Obias

• received his
Ph.D. In
comparative and
psychological
psychology from
Stanford
University in
1955
Notable Pillars of Psychology
in the Philippines
• In 1961 the Philippine
Psychological corporation was
founded. This paved the way for
the distribution and control of
psychological test materials.
This was also the year when Fr.
Jaime Bulatao established the
Department of Psychology at
Ateneo de Manila University.
Notable Pillars of Psychology
in the Philippines
 
• In 1963,the Psychological Association
of the Philippines ,the 1st association
exclusively for psychologists, was
founded. The 1st board of directors
were Dr. Alfredo Lagmay, Professor Fe
Abasolo Domingo,Dr. Asuncion
Metering
Austria and Dr. Aurora Minoza. The
association aimed for the
advancement of learning, teaching,
and research in psychology.