CHAPTER 10:

EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION
OF GUIDANCE IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Overview of the Topics
01 The Beginnings of Philippine Education

02 Origins of Philippine Education

03 Legal Basis of Education

04 The Department of Education (DepEd)

05 Technical Education (TESDA)

06 The Commission of Higher Education (CHED)

07 Public Higher Education Institution

08 Private Higher Education Institution

09 Basic Education in the Philippines

The Beginnings of Philippine
Education
 Philippine education
is a consequence of a long process of educational evolution dating back to unrecorded practices in the pre-
Spanish period.

“ history contributed towards the inception and development of the present system of
education.
“
The political events and social conditions during successive periods of Philippine political

-Leus and Langanlangan (1999)

Philippine education at present has a

system similar to that of the United States.
Origins of Philippine
Education
 The origins of a formal Department of Education in the Philippines can be traced back to:

- 1902 – High schools, special education

al institutions, school of arts and trades,
agricultural school and commerce and
marine institution were established.
- Decree to rename the - 1908 – Philippine Legislature approved
Act No. 1870 which created the Univers
Department of Education and
ity of the Philippines.
Hygiene as “Department of - To solve the problem of heavy shortage
the Interior” with three of teachers, the Secretary of Public Inst
divisions one of which was ruct on was authorized to bring to the P
education and general hilippines 600 teachers from the U.S kn
sanitation. own as the Thomasites.
.

1900s – 1902 & 1901-

1898 June 27,
1898 1920s 1908 1905
- When Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo American regime: The American regime not only instituted
- Brought more changes to the Philippine
established a provisional government public education but also private
educational system.
- This revolutionary government - Installation of a highly centralized public education.
created four government departments school system 1901
among which was the Department of - Free primary instruction that trained the • Missionary groups established
Education and Hygiene people for the duties of citizenship and Silliman University in Dumaguete City
avocation was enforced by the Taft 1905
Commission. • Central Philippine University in
- Chaplains and non-commissioned officers
Iloilo City
were assigned to teach English as a
medium of instruction.
An Overview of the Past and Present Educational System
The Philippine Education System

Past Present

1. Early childhood education for children aged 4 – 6 1. Kindergarten

years;
2. Formal basic education which covers 6 years of 2. 12 years of formal basic education which covers 6 years of
elementary education and 4 years of secondary education; elementary education, 4 years of JHS and 2 years of SHS

3. Non-formal adult education; 3. Non-formal adult education

4. Post-secondary and vocational-technical education; 4. Post-secondary and vocational-technical education;

5. Tertiary education and; 5. Tertiary education and;

6. Graduate education 6. Graduate education
Legal Basis of Education
The 1935, 1973 and 1986 Constitutions of the Philippines underscore
the importance and need for education to develop useful and
productive citizens.

The 1935 Constitution (Article XIV, Sec. 5)

• Mandates all schools to develop moral character, personal
discipline, civic conscience, and vocational efficiency and to
teach the duties of citizenship.
The 1973 Constitution (Article XV, Sec. 8.4)
• Mandates all educational institutions to inculcate love of
country, teach the duties of citizenship and develop moral
character, personal discipline and scientific, technological and
vocational efficiency.
The 1986 Constitution (Article II, Sec. 17)
• Mandates the State to give priority to education, science,
and technology, arts, culture, and sports and promote total
human liberation and development.
The Department of Education
(DepEd)
Vision:
• Is to assist the Filipino child to discover his/her full potential in a
child-centered and value-driven teaching-learning environment DepEd
and thereby, enable him/her to create his/her own destiny in the
global community.
Endeavors:
• To prepare the Filipino child to become a responsible citizen
and an enlightened leader who loves his/her country and is
proud to be a Filipino.

Mission:
• Is to provide quality basic education that is equitably
accessible to all and lay the foundation for life-long learning
and service for the common good.
Technical Education (TESDA)
 01 for formulating, continuing, coordinating
• Is primarily responsible
and fully integrating the nation’s technical education and skills
development, policies, plans, and programs.
02
• Its strategic initiatives are geared towards the promotion and
strengthening of the quality of technical education and skills
03
development programs to attain international competitiveness.
The Commission of Higher
Education (CHED)
• Was established by virtue of Republic Act No. 7722 otherwise
known as the Higher Education Act of 1994.
• Covers both public and private higher education institutions as
well as degree-granting programs in all public and private post-
secondary educational institutions.

It is mandated to undertake the following tasks:

• Promote quality education
• Take appropriate steps to ensure that education shall be accessible
to all;
• Ensure and protect academic freedom for the continuing intellectual
growth, the advancement of learning and research, the
development of responsible and effective leadership, the education
of high level professionals, and the enrichment of historical and
cultural heritage.
Public Higher Education
Institutions
 1. State Universities and
Colleges (SUCs)
• Are chartered public higher
education institutions
established by law,
administered and financially
subsidized by the government.
• Are those established by the
4. Other Government Schools
(OGS)
• They are financially supported
• Are public secondary and
post-secondary education
institutions usually technical-
vocational education institution
that offer higher education
programs.
3. CHED Supervised Higher
Education Institutions (CSIs) Public
• Are non-chartered public
post-secondary education
Higher
institutions established by
law, administered, Education
supervised and financially
2. Local Universities and
supported by the
government.
Institution
Colleges (LUCs)
- Are established by law, and
local government through 5. Special Higher Education administered, supervised and
resolutions or ordinance. Institutions financially supported by the
government.
• Are directly under the - They are categorized into:
by the local government
government agency 1. Chartened State Universities and
concerned. Colleges
stipulated in the law that
2. Non-chartened State Universities
created them. and Colleges
• They provide specialized 3. Community Universities and
training in areas such as Colleges
military science and
national defense.
Private Higher Education
Institutions
 Private HEIs
• Are established under the Corporation Code and are governed by special
laws and general provisions of this Code.
•
01
Are covered by the policies and standards set by the Commission on Hig
her Education in terms of course offerings, curriculum, and administration
and faculty, academic qualifications, among others.
• The heads of private higher education institutions usually manage the int
02
ernal organization of private higher education institutions and implement t
he policies and standards formulated by the CHED.
• Are either sectarian or non-sectarian.
03
Sectarian HEI: Non-sectarian HEI:
- Are owned and are managed by - Are duly incorporated, owned and operated
the religious themselves or by the by private entities that are not affiliated to any
laity. religious organization.
Basic Education in the
Philippines
 Bureau of Elementary Education

• Main thrust:
- To provide access, progress and quality in elementary education.

• It formulated and implements key programs and projects to enable

every citizen to acquire basic preparation that will make him an
enlightened, disciplined, nationalistic, self-reliant, God-loving,
creative, versatile and productive member of the national community.
 Bureau of Elementary Education
The Bureau has the following key programs and projects:

Multigrade Program in Philippine Education Resource Materials Development for Children

(MPPE)
01 - This supports the DECS mandate to improve access to
and quality elementary education through the opening og
complete multigrade classes and completion of
incomplete schools in far-flungs barangays.
with Special Needs (CSNs)
04 - Development and production of various resource and
instructional materials include textbooks in braille and in
large print, Handbook on Inclusive Education, Reference
on Guide Materials for Teachers of Children with Learning
Disabilities.

Preschool Service Contracting Program
02 - This program is an alternative delivery system to provide
preschool education to prospective grade 1 enrollees
05
throughout the country.
SPED Personnel Enhancement Program
03 - Are short term summer/semester courses, seminar or
training workshops and national conferences done year
round primarily aimed to hone the capabilities of regular
and SPED teachers, administrators, supervisors and
other service providers in addressing educational needs
06
of gifted and children with disabilities and in managing
programs appropriate to them.
Early Intervention Program for Children with
Disabilities
- Focuses on the training of SPED teachers and social
worker as facilitators to provide parents and other
community volunteers with knowledge and skills on
educational intervention that should be given to infants,
toddlers, and preschoolers under age 6 who are
disabled.
Standards for Quality Elementary Education (SQEE)
- Intends to generate competency standards for the
workforce in all levels of elementary education. It draws
upon the rationale that the improvement of instruction
is influenced, to a certain degree, by setting standards
for what the students, as well as other education
stakeholders, should know and be able to do.
 Bureau of Secondary Education

• Aim:
- Every Filipino youth shall further enjoy a better quality of life due to
access to quality secondary education, good spiritual and moral life,
economic stability, relevant cultural values, comprehensive work
skills, strong sense of national identity and successful adjustment to
his rapidly changing environment.
1. Government Assistance to Student and
Teachers in Private Education (GASTPE)
The Government through the Education
Service Contracting (ESC) Scheme and
the Tuition Fee Supplement (TFS) has
entered into a contract with the private
schools in order to accommodate those
who otherwise will not be able to avail of
free public secondary education. As of
January 15, 1999, the ESC has 374,918
student beneficiaries in 1,122 participating
schools, while the TSF has 162,966
grantees in 638 participating schools.
3. Thinking Skills Development for
Maximized Cognitive Performance (TSD-
MCP)
A research and development program
which aims to improve high school
students' cognitive skills through the
purposeful teaching of thinking skills. It
was previously tried out in six (6) schools.
2. Community Service and Public Safety
Training (CS-PST)
This is a pilot program on community
Bureau of
service and public safety training in six (6)
tryout schools, both public and private,
Secondary
particularly in CAR, Central Visayas and
Southern Mindanao, to further address the Education:
need for curriculum relevance.
Key Programs
4. Teacher Training Program
At the institutional level, efficiency requires
the upgrading of teacher competence in
order to improve performance, that is, the
quality of teaching. Science and
technology specialists are being trained on
the improvisation and utilization of science
and technology equipments. POP-ED
Network staff were also trained to enhance
their capability in the use of updated
software and other communication
services.
.
 5. Adopt-A-School Program
A school-industry partnership between the
private sector and the government in order
to provide all the resources the public
system needs.
7. Balik-Paaralan Para sa Out-Of-School
Adults (BP-OSA)
Age need not be a deterring factor for
those who wish to pursue secondary
education. The BP-OSA is a novel
alternative delivery system that provides
our-of-school adults high school education
and assistance on entrepreneurial and
employable skills for initial job opportunity.
There are presently 31 secondary schools
all over the country serving almost 1,381
adult learner..
6. The Self-Instructional Packages (SIP)
The program provides instructional
Bureau of
materials to prevent students from quitting
schools due to poverty or illness. It
Secondary
provides them opportunities to make up for
missed lessons and complete their high Education:
school education.
Key Programs
8. Project EASE (Effective and Affordable
Secondary Education)
The project caters for students who cannot
attend class regularly due to personal,
economic or financial reasons. It intends to
complement the existing formal system to
make secondary education more
accessible to students in disadvantaged
situation.
By providing modules, an EASE student
can enter into a contract with the school to
study at home for a period of time until
became ready to return of formal school
system.
 9. School Based Education
This is a departure from the conventional
external evaluation that is commonly
administered to measure the performance
of the school in general and the learners in
particular. The advantage of the school-
based evaluation is that it is initiated,
planned and implemented by the principal
and the teachers themselves.
11. RHGP (Revitalized Homeroom
Guidance Program)
A curriculum that addresses or guides the
learner's need in making sound decisions
that match his/her aptitude and interests.
Presently, the program is now being
institutionalized in secondary schools
nationwide after a week-long training of
program implementors at the division and
school levels.
10. The Indigenization/Localization of the
Secondary Education Curriculum
The project focuses on the relevance of
Bureau of
the curriculum to the local culture. It took
off with a national workshop on the
Secondary
development of curriculum frameworks
and sample lesson plans in eight (8) Education:
subject areas.
Key Programs
12. Population Education Program
Competitions in Population Education
Competitions are conducted that highlights
the responsiveness of education in
promoting curricular programs related to
societal concerns, like population
education.
There are three (3) national competitions
which focus on population education,
namely; National Pop Quiz, the National
Poster Making Contest, and Essay Writing
Contest were conducted to promote public
awareness on the subject.
 13. PEPTALK

This is a quarterly publication of the PEP

newsletter which aims to supplement the
Bureau of
existing population education instructional
materials for all levels. It serves as a Secondary
clearing house for PEP activities at the
regional level. Education:
15. The Home-Partnership Program 14. The Population Education Information
Key Programs
Network (POPEDIN)

This program complements the existing This is a monthly newsletter of the

school program in population education.
The objectives of the program are to
enhance knowledge, attitudes and
practices of parents on PopEd related
concerns and to empower them as
teaching partners of the school in
educating their children and other
community members.
The project kicked off by conducting a
modified Delphi study which revealed that
parents should handle delicate topics on
adolescent reproductive health.
Population Education Information Network
which contains PopEd updates and other
related information for various types of
user groups.
Provides networking, communications and
information exchange between and among
PEP DECS, Regional POPED Units as
well as other program-related network
within and outside DECS..
 Public Schools
• Public elementary and secondary schools are under the direct
administration of the DepEd.
• Aside form the regular schools, there are special schools like science
high schools, the Philippine High School for the Arts and the Philippine
National School for the Blind.

Private Schools
• Are either sectarian or non-sectarian.
• There are international schools as well which are located in the
country among them are Brent International School, British School
Manila, Cebu International School, De La Salle Santiago Zobel School,
Esteban International School, and etc.
Thank you
