Tejas DWDM Product: Sowmendran P

Tejas DWDM Product
Sowmendran P
Agenda
• What is DWDM ? How it is different ?
• Components of DWDM network.
• Conventions followed.
• Handling DWDM Components.
• Tejas DWDM platform and cards.
• Commissioning DWDM link.
©Tejas Networks Proprietary & Confidential 2

DWDM(Dense Wavelength Division
Multiplexing)
• Analogous to FDM in radio communication.
• Multiple optical channels(wavelengths) multiplexed
and transmitted over a single fiber.
– Allows deployment of less fiber and hardware.
– More bandwidth.
– Protocol independent.
• Tejas support 80 channels.
3
©Tejas Networks Proprietary & Confidential
Typical DWDM network
4
Tejas DWDM Channel Plan
• Compatible with ITU-T G. 694.1
• Tejas DWDM grid support from 192.00 THz to 195.95 THz at 50GHz
spacing (80 Ch). In Future it can be extended to 191.60 THz (88 Ch).
THz nm THz nm THz nm THz nm

191.60 1564.6788 192.95 1553.7313 194.10 1544.5258 195.25 1535.4287
191.65 1564.2706
193.00 1553.3288 194.15 1544.1280 195.30 1535.0356
191.70 1563.8626
191.75 1563.4548 193.05 1552.9265 194.20 1543.7305 195.40 1534.2500
191.80 1563.0472 193.10 1552.5244 194.25 1543.3331
195.45 1533.8575
191.85 1562.6399 193.15 1552.1225 194.30 1542.9360
195.50 1533.4653
191.90 1562.2327 193.20 1551.7208 194.35 1542.5390
191.95 1561.8258 195.55 1533.0732
193.25 1551.3193 194.40 1542.1423
192.00 1561.4191 195.60 1532.6813
193.30 1550.9180 194.45 1541.7457
192.05 1561.0125 195.65 1532.2896
192.10 1560.6062 193.35 1550.5170 194.50 1541.3494
192.15 1560.2001 193.40 1550.1161 194.55 1540.9533 195.70 1531.8981
192.20 1559.7943 193.45 1549.7155 194.60 1540.5573 195.75 1531.5068
192.25 1559.3886 193.50 1549.3150 194.65 1540.1616 195.80 1531.1157
192.30 1558.9831 193.55 1548.9148 194.70 1539.7661 195.85 1530.7248
192.35 1558.5779
193.60 1548.5148 194.75 1539.3708 195.90 1530.3341
192.40 1558.1729
192.45 1557.7680 193.65 1548.1149 194.80 1538.9757 195.95 1529.9436
192.50 1557.3634 193.70 1547.7153 194.85 1538.5807
192.55 1556.9590 193.75 1547.3159 194.90 1538.1860
192.60 1556.5548 193.80 1546.9167 194.95 1537.7915
192.65 1556.1508 193.85 1546.5177 195.00 1537.3972
192.70 1555.7471
193.90 1546.1189 195.05 1537.0031
192.75 1555.3435
192.80 1554.9401 193.95 1545.7203 195.10 1536.6092
192.85 1554.5370 194.00 1545.3219 195.15 1536.2155
192.90 1554.1340 194.05 1544.9238 195.20 1535.8220
5
Tejas Channel conventions
• Tejas software and cards uses last three digits of
the ITU-T frequency to represent the channel.
• For example:
– Channel 1550.12nm(193.40 THz) is represented as
340, similarly Channel 1536.21nm(195.15Thz) is
represented as 515.
• Channels end with 0 are Even channels.

• Channels end with 5 are Odd channels.
6
Handling DWDM components and Safety
Precautions
Handling DWDM components and
Safety Precautions!
• DWDM network elements involves more optical
components.
• High optical power levels.
• Never look into the end of an optical interface

while the device is operational.
8
Inspect the Connectors before
connecting
• Ensure fibers and connectors are
cleaned before connecting to the
optical device.
– loss of light or degraded signal power.
– Damage to connector end face.
Before cleaning After cleaning

9
Do not clean the fiber when optical
power is present.
• Connectors should never be cleaned with high
optical power present.
• Ensure Amplifier is shut down while cleaning
the optical interfaces.
10
Handle fibers gently
• Do not bend the fiber cable. Bending the
cable may cause Loss of signal or internal
breaks along the fiber resulting in poor
performance.
• Ensure dust caps are put on the fiber ends
when not in use.
• Do not allow the end of the fiber optic cable
to make contact with any surface including
fingers.
11
Cleaning procedure
• Place 1-3 drops (shake-off if excess
amount fell on tissue paper) of fresh
methanol/isopropyl alcohol on Fresh lint
free tissue paper.
• Hold the fiber by the connector or cable as
shown in the Figure.
• Place the wet portion of the tissue paper
on the optical surface and slowly drag it
across (do not apply extra force).
• Don’t retrace cleaning path.
• Immediately place dust cap over the end
of the interface to avoid re-contamination
or insert the fiber for immediate use.
• Don’t reuse tissue papers.
Cleaning procedure cont.…
• Connector cleaning.
• Always use fresh Cletop stick
(cleaning bud) for cleaning
connectors.
• Place 1-3 drops of fresh
methanol/isopropyl alcohol on
cleaning bud.
• Gently insert wet cleaning bud in to
the connector and rotate it in clock
wise direction(2 – 3 rounds).
• Immediately place dust cap over the
connector to avoid re-contamination
or insert the fiber for immediate
use.
• Don’t reuse Cletop sticks
Do’s and Don’ts
• Only fresh (dry) Methanol or Isopropyl Alcohol should
be used as a cleaning solvent (Don’t use any other
solvent than proposed one for cleaning, not even
acetone, that may spoil pachcord/adapter and even
optical modules).
• Use only fresh and lint free tissue papers for cleaning
(like Kim-wipes, don’t use normal tissue paper or
anything unauthorized).
• Don’t reuse tissue papers.
• Clean the surface gently( do not apply extra force).
• Don’t retrace cleaning path.
• Don’t use excess amount of alcohol for cleaning.
Tejas DWDM Platform
Tejas DWDM platform
POTP+DWDM[TJ3500]
POTP+DWDM[TJ3310]
16
Tejas DWDM cards
• OSMC(Optical Shelf Management Controller).
• Transponder/Muxponder card.
• Adapter cards.
• MDU(Mux and Demux unit).
• OADM(Optical Add Drop Multiplexers).
• OFA (Optical Fiber Amplifiers).
• ILU(Inter Leaver Unit).
• DCM(Dispersion Compensation Modules).
• PSCM(Power Splitter Combiner Module).
• ROADM(Reconfigurable Power Splitter Combiner Module).
• OPM(Optical Power monitoring ).
17
OSMC(Optical Shelf Management Controller).
• Not a cross connect card.

• No traffic is passed through this card.
• Used for node and inventory management. The OSC ports are
used for out of band optical management communication for
the DWDM configuration of the product.
OSC ports
18
OSC with Adapter
• Not a full slot width card.
• In TJ1660-11 OSMC01 unit fits in slot 5 and slot 6 of the
chassis (with mechanical adaption only).
• For TJ1600-6 it can be used in 9th and 10th slot directly.
OSCMC card adapter for 11 slot chassis
19
Transponder/Muxponder cards
Transponder
• STM64 -> OTU2 (w E/GFEC)

• 10GE-LAN <-> OTU2 (w
E/GFEC)
• 10GE-LAN <-> STM64
• 10GE-LAN <-> OTU2e/1e (w
E/GFEC)
• 10GE-WAN <-> OTU2 (w
E/GFEC)
• FC-1200 <-> OTU2e (w
E/GFEC)
20
HCPSLine08
Muxponder
• 4xSTM16 <-> OTU2

• 4xOTU1 <-> OTU2
• 8xGE <-> OTU2
• 2xFC-100 <-> OTU1
• 4xFC-200 <-> OTU2
• Any mix of Clients <-> OTU2
21
CEF-3
22
Adapter cards
• Optical Adaptor Card, Supports 1/2 and 1/2 slot cards
• Optical Adaptor Card, Supports 2/3and 1/3 slot cards
23
Mux and Demux unit-8
• MDU-8 (Mux and Demux Unit)
– 2/3rd slot card.
– Needs to be used with the HCPADP01 (2/3+1/3)
adaptor cards.
– 5 of MDU-8-D covers from 192.00 THz to 195.90
THz.
24
40 Channel Mux Demux unit
• 1RU External Sub Rack unit.
• Purely Passive. No Inventory Management
functionality.
• MDU-40E-100G
•
• MDU-40O-100G
25
Dispersion Compensation
module(DCM)
Rx port
Tx port
DCM verities
DCM-652-C-40-CB
DCM-652-C-60-CB
DCM-652-C-80-CB
DCM-652-C-100-CB
DCM-652-C-120-CB
26
Power Splitter Combiner Module
• 1RU External Sub Rack unit.
• Purely Passive. No Inventory Management
functionality.
Port 2Rx Tx Port 4Rx Tx common Rx Tx
Port 1 Rx Tx Port 3Rx Tx Port 5Rx Tx
27
Adding Rack shelf to the node
28
4 Channel OADM
• MDU-8 (Mux and Demux Unit)
– 2/3rd slot card.
– Needs to be used with the HCPADP01 (1/2+1/2)
adaptor cards.
– 10 of OADM covers from 192.00 THz to 195.90
THz.
29
Inter Leaver Unit
• Ports:
– Port1:- Even and Odd
– Common(Rx/Tx)
• All ports are bidirectional.
30
Optical amplifer cards
• Single Port optical amplifier
• Dual port Optical amplifier
Name Brief Description Optimal Gain(dB)

OFA-C-D17-FG Optical Fiber Amplifier, Dual Ports, +17dBm , Fixed Gain, C Band 23
OFA-C-S17-FG Optical Fiber Amplifier, Single Port, +17dBm, Fixed Gain, C Band 23
OFA-C-S20-HG Optical Fiber Amplifier, Single Port, +20 dBm, Fixed High Gain, C Band 26
OFA-C-D20-HG Optical Fiber Amplifier, Dual Ports, +20 dBm, Fixed High Gain, C Band 26
OFA-C-S20-LG Optical Fiber Amplifier, Single Port, +20 dBm, Fixed Low Gain, C Band 22
OFA-C-D20-LG Optical Fiber Amplifier, Dual Ports, +20 dBm, Fixed Low Gain, C Band 22
OFA-C-S20-VG Optical Fiber Amplifier, Single Port, +20 dBm, Variable Gain, C Band 15-30
OFA-C-D20-VG Optical Fiber Amplifier, Dual Ports, +20 dBm, Variable Gain, C Band 15 - 30
31
Amplifier Ports
Monitor port
Port 1 Tx Port 1 Rx
Monitor port Monitor port2
Port 1 Tx Port 1 Rx Port 2 Tx Port 2 Rx
32
Ofa card UI
33
OFA card UI settable parameters
• Operational mode:- AGC and APC.
• Form DWDM application always make sure that operational mode is
set to Automatic Gain Control (AGC).
• Amplifier Tilt:- Applicable only for VG type
Amplifiers. It sets the gain tilt set by the amplifier.
Range +2 to -2 dB.
• Set amplifier Gain:- gain value to be achieved.
• LOS threshold:- Threshold value below which LOS
is declared.
• LOS deviation :- Hysteresis value For LOS
threshold.
34
Alarms reported by OFA card
• Loss of input alarm:- When Rx power goes
below LOS threshold value.
• Los of out put power alarm :- When set gain
does not match with achieved gain.
• Pump Over current alarm:- When Pump
current overshot the maximum limit.
• Pump temperature alarm:- when pump
temperature value goes above maximum limit.
35
OSC filter
• Optical supervisory channels are used for monitoring and
management of DWDM nodes.
• OSC channel lies out side C band(1510nm). Hence need to be
dropped before getting in to DWDM components(ROADM,
OFA etc.,)
• OSC filters are used to add/drop OSC channels.
• OSC filters are used with OFA card.
OSC single Add/Drop module OSC dual Add/Drop module
OFA card with OSC single Add/Drop module

36
OSC module ports
From
OFA Tx
To OFA DWDM+OSC
Rx From
To OSC OSC SFP
SFP
37
OSC
TJ3500
filter network connectivity
TJ3500
TJ3310
OSCPort1Tx
OSCPort1 Rx OSCPort2 Tx
OSCPor2Rx
OSCPort1 Rx
C Tx
OSCPort1 Tx
38
Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop
Multiplexer (ROADM) cards
ROADM-2-C-050G
ROADM-4-C-050G
ROADM-8-C-050G
39
Inside ROADM Cards 1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
A/D Tx A/D Rx
Splitter WSS
RAODM-4-C-50G 1 2 4
Common Tx
Common Rx
• Broadcast and select architect.

• Signal input at common Rx port is broadcasted to all the add/drop Tx port
and Signals received at the Add/drop Rx port is selected(WSS) and passed
to the common Tx port.
• Add/Drop ports can be configure as Pass through or add-drop.
• It is possible to set Attenuation for each channel associated with the
Add/Drop port.
40
Colour less Mux Demux Unit(CL-
MDU)
• Per-port reconfigurable Mux-Demux unit.
• Any port can be used to Add/Drop any DWDM
channel.
41
Port connectivity for 2 degree
ROADM node
Degree Degree
RAODM RAODM
ROADM-4-C-50G
ROADM-4-C-50G
To
network
To
network
ROADM-8-C-50G
MDU-40 MDU-40
Direction less ROADM

MDU-40
Local
©Tejas Networks Proprietary & Confidential add/drop 42
Setting Per channel attenuation in
ROADM and CLMDU
• For per channel attenuation setting.
• Go to the respective add/drop port of the
ROADM.
• Select the from the channel list the channel for
which the attenuation has to be set.
• Enter the attenuation(dB) to be set in the and
submit.
43
Port connect and Lambda connect
• Port connect:- A port connect represent a
physical connection between the ports.
• All the physical connection(fiber connectivity)
made for a lambda path must be represented
as a port connect.
• Multiple Lambda path can be associated with a
single port connect.
•
44
Making port connect
• Go to DWDM tab in node UI
• Go to Configuration  Port connet select add
port connect option.
• Select source and destination card and ports
between which port connect has to be made.
• Make sure that fiber connectivity is made
between appropriate port as mentioned in the
port connect.
• Misconnection of port may lead to traffic failure.
45
Making a Lambda connection
• Make sure that there is ports connect exist
corresponding to the Lambda path to be
made.
• Similar to making a cross connect.
• For making lambda connection Go to DWDM
tab  Configuration  Lambda connection.
• Chose the lambda(frequency), source and
destination ports between which a lambda
path has to be made.
46
ROADM Site: Colourless and
Directionless
• 80 Channel
Directionless and
Colourless ROADM
LINE DIR. 1 LINE DIR. 2 design
• High insertion loss
LINE DIR. 3 LINE DIR. 4 needs to be taken care
-12dBm/ch by extra off-line
amplifiers
• Various types of
amplifiers (including
high power) needed to
-5dBm/ch be used in the line
directions
-23dBm/ch 1dBm/ch
• 1+1+R Design [1+1 in
electrical plane for
-15dBm/ch 50ms and Restoration
at ROADM ( ~ a few
sec)]
0dBm/ch
47
ROADM node with fixed MDUs
ROADM8-C
DCM
OSCF - S
ROADM4-C
ROADM4-C
OSCF - S
ROADM-8C
ILU ILU
MDU-40-O MDU-40-E
AGG40 AGG40-SFP CEF-3
1G
48
Configuration of a 80 channel
colourless add/drop node.
ROADM8-C
DCM
ROADM4-C
ROADM4-C
OSCF - S
-12dBm/ch
OSCF - S
ROADM-8C
-5dBm/ch
A1 1dBm/ch
-23dBm/ch 2xPSCM1x5
MDU16-CL-C-50G
-15dBm/ch
AGG40 AGG40-SFP CEF-3
0dBm/ch
49
Optical power monitoring(OPM)
card
• Monitor the power levels of individual channels.
• Used to isolated Link or channel issues in a the link.
• Typically they can be used in conjunction with any
optical Mon port such of OFA, MDU40 etc.
• They cover 192.00 THz to 195.95 THz
• Send feed back to the ROADM card to adjust the power

levels dynamically OR trigger protection switching in-
case of protected Lambda connection.
50
• Draft Pictures of Optical Power Monitor card – needs to
be used with the HCPADP02 (1/2+1/2) adaptor cards
• OPM-2-C-50G has 2 input ports (Rx) and OPM-4-C-50G
has 4 input ports (Rx) for per channel power monitoring
at 50GHz
51
OCM in a ROADM node
ROADM-4-C-50G
ROADM-4-C-50G
OCM-2-C-50G
OCM-2-C-50G
ROADM-8-C-50G
MDU-40
52
Some Aspects of link Design

Link Design for a required BER
• Design for optimum Receive Power
• Design for optimum Residual Dispersion
• Design for optimum Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
(OSNR)
54
Link Budgeting with a single Amplifier (Loss
Limited Transmission)
Without Amplifier:
Link Budget (dB)/Ch: Tx_Power (dBm) – Rx_Power (dBm) - Path Penalty (dB) – 2 x MDU/OADM Insertion (dB)
= 0 – 24 – 2 - 7
= 15 dB (~ 50-60 km)
With a Single DWDM Amplifier:
Amplifier: Pout (dBm) = Pin (dBm) + G (dB)
• Gain is flat for DWDM amplifier

• Maximum Pout is always a constant (e.g. 17dBm, 20dBm are used a typical 40/80 Ch DWDM systems)
Pout/Ch = Pout – 10xLog(N) [where N is number of channel – 4 or 8]

= 17 – 10xLog (8) = 8 dBm/Ch
Link Budget (dB)/Ch: Pout /Ch (dBm) –Rx_Power (dBm)- Path Penalty (dB) - 1 x MDU/OADM Insertion (dB)
= 8 – 24 – 2 - 3.5
= 26.5 dB (~ 100-120 km)

Optical Signal to Noise Ratio of a Chain of
Amplifiers (OSNR Limited Transmission)
N-Amplifiers
Pin
L L L L
G, NF
Amplifier chain is required to compensate for fiber loss more than ~

20dB (~ 80km) for a single channel
Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) needs to be calculated for a such a

link rather than a loss budget
56
Dispersion
• Dispersion simply means “to spread
out”(broadening of optical pulse).
• In optical networking, this results in signal
degradation.
57
Signal Quality- Under Various
Condition
At the transmitter
After 80 km Fiber- Effect of Dispersion
17dB OSNR and 50 Km Residual

Dispersion- Effect of Amplifier Noise and
Dispersion
58
Dispersion compensation units
• Dispersion compensation units are used in the link
to compensate for the dispersion caused by the
fiber.
• proper placement of dispersion compensators are
vital for performance of the link.
• After placement of DCMs amount of un
compensated dispersion is called residual
dispersion.
• Residual dispersion(KM) = Total length of the link(KM)
– Total compensated dispersion(KM).
59
Tejas 10G Optical Interface Parameters
• OSNR Penalty ~ 2dB
• Rx power -8dBm to -
15dBm
• Residual Dispersion:
-30km to 60km
– OSNR up to 17dB with GFEC
– OSNR up to 14dB with EFEC
Gain Tilt
30
G= 28 dB
25 G= 23 dB
20 G= 18 dB
Gain indB
15 G= 13 dB
10
5
OFA 17dBm
0
1535.8 1540.8 1545.8 1550.8 1555.8 nm
• Fixed Gain Flattening Filter gives flat gain only for one gain
value.
• OFA 17 : Optimized gain 23 dB
• OFA 20 HG : Optimized gain 26 dB
• OFA20 LG: Optimized gain 22dB
• Rule of thumb: 10 dB changed gain =>
± 2.3 dB gain tilt at short/long wavelength
• Narrower window gives less gain tilt
Gain Tilt in cascaded amplifier
chain (Fixed Amplifier)
Psig Psig Psig Psig
l l l l
G G G
G<Gopt G=Gopt G>Gopt
l l l
Amplifier input and Gain seting
OSNR dB  58  Pout ( dBm )  L  NF dB  10 log N amp
Pout (dBm) = Pin (dBm)+ G (dB)
20 = -6 + 26
Pout (dBm) - 10*Log (N) = Pin (dBm) -10 Log (N) + G (dB) -25dBm/ch 1 dBm/ch
20 – 10* Log (80) = -6 - 10*Log (80) + 26
20 – 19 = -6 – 19 + 26
1 = -25 + 26
0 dBm/ch - 6 dBm/ch - 25 dBm/ch 1 dBm/ch
Dispersion
ATT Compensator

19 dB 63
64

Tejas DWDM Product: Sowmendran P

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©Tejas Networks Proprietary & Confidential 2

THz nm THz nm THz nm THz nm

• Channels end with 0 are Even channels.

• Never look into the end of an optical interface

Before cleaning After cleaning

• Not a cross connect card.

OSCMC card adapter for 11 slot chassis

• STM64 -> OTU2 (w E/GFEC)

• 4xSTM16 <-> OTU2

• Optical Adaptor Card, Supports 2/3and 1/3 slot cards

Port 1 Rx Tx Port 3Rx Tx Port 5Rx Tx

• Dual port Optical amplifier

Name Brief Description Optimal Gain(dB)

Monitor port Monitor port2

Port 1 Tx Port 1 Rx Port 2 Tx Port 2 Rx

OSC single Add/Drop module OSC dual Add/Drop module

OFA card with OSC single Add/Drop module

• Broadcast and select architect.

Direction less ROADM

AGG40 AGG40-SFP CEF-3

• Send feed back to the ROADM card to adjust the power

©Tejas Networks Proprietary & Confidential 53

With a Single DWDM Amplifier:

Amplifier: Pout (dBm) = Pin (dBm) + G (dB)

• Gain is flat for DWDM amplifier

Pout/Ch = Pout – 10xLog(N) [where N is number of channel – 4 or 8]

©Tejas Networks Proprietary & Confidential 55

Amplifier chain is required to compensate for fiber loss more than ~

Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) needs to be calculated for a such a

After 80 km Fiber- Effect of Dispersion

17dB OSNR and 50 Km Residual

Pout (dBm) = Pin (dBm)+ G (dB)

0 dBm/ch - 6 dBm/ch - 25 dBm/ch 1 dBm/ch

©Tejas Networks Proprietary & Confidential

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