Compressed mode

A tutorial brought to you by PPS

Outline of presentation
• Key Principles of Compressed Mode
• Physical Layer Aspects
– Transmission Gap Pattern Sequences
– Compressed Mode Methods
– Frame and Slot Structures
– Power Control

• Configuration Procedures
– NBAP procedures
– RRC procedures

• Performance Issues
• Parameterisation Options

Compressed mode tutorial - 1

Key Principles of Compressed Mode - 1
• Why is compressed mode needed?
– In UTRAN FDD, transmission/reception by the mobile is continuous :
no idle periods are available for monitoring other frequencies if the UE
has only a single receiver

• How is it done?
– Transmission gaps are created in the radio frame in DL and/or UL to
allow the UE to switch to another frequency, perform measurements
on another carrier (FDD, TDD or GSM) and switch back
– Transmission gaps are positioned in one radio frame or at the
boundary of 2 radio frames in regular intervals referred to as a
transmission gap pattern sequence
• no more than 7 slots are used in any one radio frame to create the
transmission gap.
Compressed mode tutorial - 2
Key Principles of Compressed Mode - 2
• How is it done?
– Two approaches can be taken in creating the transmission
gaps of the transmission gap pattern sequence
• Modifiy the physical layer parameters (by puncturing or spreading
factor reduction) to allow all information bits to be transmitted.
• Restrict the bit rate (by higher layer scheduling) to match the fewer
available transmission slots in a compressed radio frame.
– In both approaches, the goal is to not loose transmission
frames

Compressed mode tutorial - 3

Key Principles of Compressed Mode - 3
• Who controls it?
– Compressed mode is under the control of the UTRAN
– Compressed mode is configured by the RNC per UE in
the form of transmission gap pattern sequences
• given to the UE via RRC signalling
• given to the node B via NBAP signalling
• a transmission gap pattern sequence is associated with a specific
measurement purpose:
- FDD measurements,
- TDD measurements,
- GSM initial BSIC identification, GSM BSIC reconfirmation,
GSM RSSI measurement

Compressed mode tutorial - 4

Key principles of compressed mode - 4
• Compressed mode and UE capabilities
– UE indicates in its capabilities whether or not it needs DL
and/or UL compressed mode to perform measurements on a
per band basis (FDD, TDD, GSM 900, GSM 1800, GSM 1900)
• A UE with a single receiver and fixed duplex spacing
systematically needs UL+DL compressed mode for all bands
• A UE with a single receiver and flexible duplex spacing only
requires DL compressed mode to monitor other FDD frequencies
and GSM 900
• In all cases (single receiver with flexible duplex spacing and dual
receiver), UL compressed mode is needed to monitor GSM 1800
– The maximum number of physical channel bits received in a radio
frame interval must also be considered

Compressed mode tutorial - 5

Physical Layer Aspects - 1
Transmission Gap Pattern Sequence - 1
TGCFN
#TGPRC
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5
(patterns)
TG pattern 1 TG pattern 2 TG pattern 1 TG pattern 2 TG pattern 1 TG pattern 2

The length of the transmission gap pattern sequence

can be finite (1 to 511 patterns) or infinite (TGPRC=0).

TG pattern 1 TG pattern 2

Transmission
Transmission Transmission Transmission gap 2
gap 1 gap 2 gap 1

The patterns contain two transmission gaps spaced There is one set of values TGSN, TGL1,
TGSN TGD slots apart. If TGD = 0, there is only one gap. TGSN TGL2, TGD used for both patterns.
(slots) (slots)

TGL1 TGL2 TGL1 TGL2

(slots) (slots) (slots) (slots)

TGD TGD
(slots) (slots)

TGPL1 TGPL2
(frames) (frames)

Each transmission gap pattern sequence consists of two alternating Compressed mode tutorial - 6
patterns that may differ only in their length (TGPL1, TGPL2).
Physical Layer Aspects - 2
Transmission Gap Pattern Sequence - 2
• Parameters
– TGL1, TGL2 are the Transmission Gap Lengths given in slots. TGL1
and TGL2 can take on values of 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, or 14, however, certain
restrictions apply based on the measurement purpose (more later). In
addition, a transmission gap may overlap two radio frames with the
maximum idle length within one radio frame being 7 slots.
– TGD is the Transmission Gap Distance and defines the distance in
slots between the two transmission gaps. If TGD = 0, there is only
one transmission gap within the transmission gap pattern sequence.
– TGSN is the Transmission Gap Slot Number and defines the slot
number for the start of the first transmission gap.
– TGPL1, TGPL2 are the Transmission Gap Pattern Lengths measured
in frames. Recently 25.133 was changed to require TGPL1 = TGPL2
so effectively there is no difference between the two patterns.
– TGPRC is the Transmission Gap Pattern Repetition Count is the total
number of patterns in the transmission gap pattern sequence.
Compressed mode tutorial - 7
Physical Layer Aspects - 3
Transmission Gap Pattern Sequence - 3
• Parameters
– TGMP is the Transmission Gap Measurement Purpose and
describes the purpose for which the transmission gaps are to be
used. There are currently 5 measurement purposes
• FDD measurements
• TDD measurements
• GSM carrier RSSI measurements
• GSM initial BSIC identification
• GSM BSIC re-confirmation
– TGCFN is the Transmission Gap Connection Frame Number and
defines the starting CFN for the transmission gap pattern
sequence.
– UL/DL mode defines whether compressed mode is to be activated
in the UL only, DL only or in both UL and DL.
Compressed mode tutorial - 8
Physical Layer Aspects - 4
Compressed Mode Methods - 1
• Three methods can be used to create transmission gaps
• Spreading Factor Reduction: SF is divided by 2
• Usage:
• can be used in UL and DL
• to be used only when SF>4
• In DL, can be used with mapping to fixed and flexible positions
• In DL may lead to channelisation code shortage and the need to use a
secondary scrambling code
• Impact UL:
• rate matching: same calculations as normal mode, but based on the
number of bits to be effectively transmitted (=outside the gap) in the
frame, with SF/2
• physical channel mapping: map bits only to slots effectively transmitted
• no scrambling code change: UE are separated by their scrambling
code, so there is no coordination needed between UEs for
channelisation codes allocation.
Compressed mode tutorial - 9
Physical Layer Aspects - 5
Compressed Mode Methods - 2
• Impact DL (both fixed and flexible positions):
• rate matching: apply same pattern as for normal mode
• 2nd DTX insertion: fill with DTX bits up to half the number of bits on
the physical channel with SF/2 (this will correspond to 7.5slots in SF/2
frame)
• physical channel mapping: map bits on 7.5 slots of the frame, and
leave empty other 7.5slots, which include the gap, according to a
predefined mapping rule
• scrambling code change: if brother code is used by another UE,
UTRAN can allocate father code on an alternative scrambling code.
There is a one to one mapping between initial channelisation code and
the number of the alternative scrambling code

Compressed mode tutorial - 10

Physical Layer Aspects - 6
Compressed Mode Methods - 3
•
Left alt. Scrambling code Right alt. Scrambling code

Compressed mode tutorial - 11

Physical Layer Aspects - 7
Compressed Mode Methods - 4
• Higher Layer Scheduling: only a subset of the TFCS is used
during a compressed radio frame to create the gaps
– Usage:
• can be used in UL and DL
• In DL, can be used only in the case of mapping to flexible positions
• to be used only for radio bearers that allow some buffering, e.g interactive
and background classes
– Impact UL:
• rate matching: same calculations as in normal mode, based on the total
number of data bits on slots which will be effectively transmitted
• physical channel mapping: map bits only on effectively transmitted slots
– Impact DL, flexible positions:
• no impact on rate matching: UE is not aware of reduction of the TFCs
• 2nd DTX insertion: insert DTX to reach the total number of data bits on slots
which will be effectively transmitted
• physical channel mapping: map bits only on effectively transmitted slots
Compressed mode tutorial - 12
Physical layer Aspects - 8
Compressed Mode Methods - 5
• Puncturing: additional puncturing/fewer repetitions are performed
compared to normal mode
• Usage:
• to be used only in DL
• to be used only in the case of mapping to fixed positions
• scrambling and channelisation codes remain unchanged
• Impact DL, fixed positions:
• rate matching: calculate the number of bits to be reserved on each TrCh to create
the gap, substract it from normal rate matching amount to perform rate matching
• 1st interleaver: insert bits called « p » in the column(s) corresponding to the
compressed frame(s)
• physical channel segmentation: remove the p bits in each frame, to get the right
number of bits to be transmitted per frame outside of the gap
• physical channel mapping: map bits only on the slots to be transmitted.

Compressed mode tutorial - 13

Physical Layer Aspects - 9
Compressed Mode Methods - 6
– Use of Multiple Methods in Parallel
• There are generally no restrictions within the standard on the use of
different methods when multiple pattern sequences are used in parallel,
however, some precautions must be taken.
- E.g., Compressed mode by puncturing affects the rate matching across the
longest TTI in the CCtrCH while compressed mode by higher layer scheduling
works on a radio frame basis. For these two methods to co-exist, there must
necessarily be a restriction that they do not attempt to put transmission gaps
within the same time interval defined by the longest TTI of the CCtrCH.

Compressed mode tutorial - 14

Physical Layer Aspects - 10
Frame and Slot Structures -1

• No change in the UL

Slot # (Nfirst – 1) transmission gap Slot # (Nlast + 1)

Data Data

Pilot TFCI FBI TPC Pilot TFCI FBI TPC

Compressed mode tutorial - 15

Physical Layer Aspects - 11
Frame and Slot Structures - 2
• Two frame structures for the DL
– Frame Structure A: pilot field of the last slot of the TG is transmitted to
maximise the transmission gap length

Slot # (Nfirst - 1) transmission gap Slot # (Nlast + 1)

T TF T TF
Data1 P CI Data2 PL PL Data1 P CI Data2 PL
C C

– Frame Structure B: TPC of the first slot and pilot field of the last slot of the
TG are transmitted to optimise power control

Slot # (Nfirst - 1) transmission gap Slot # (Nlast + 1)

T TF T T TF
Data1 P CI Data2 PL P PL Data1 P CI Data2 PL
C C C

Compressed mode tutorial - 16

Physical Layer Aspects - 12
Frame and Slot Structures - 3

• Removal of some of the slots has an impact on TFCI

transmission
– This requires changing the encoding or the distribution of the
DPCCH fields
– UL: two compressed mode slot formats A/B depending on the
number of slots transmitted in the frame (independent of the
method)
– DL: two compressed mode slots formats associated with each
normal mode slot format
• Type A for puncturing and higher layer scheduling
• Type B for spreading factor reduction
• TFCI field in each slot is extended at the expense of pilot/data field

Compressed mode tutorial - 17

Physical Layer Aspects - 13
Frame and Slot Structures - 4

• Example of slot structure modification for UL

Slot Channel bit Channel SF Bits / Frame Bits /Slot Npilot NTPC NTFCI NFBI Transmitt
form rate (kbps) symbol rate ed slots
at #i (ksps) per radio
frame
0 15 15 256 150 10 6 2 2 0 15
0A 15 15 256 150 10 5 2 3 0 10-14
0B 15 15 256 150 10 4 2 4 0 8-9

• Example of slot structure modification for DL

Slot Channel bit Channel SF Bits / Slot Ndata1 Ndata2 NTPC NTFCI Npilot Transmitt
form rate (kbps) symbol rate ed slots
at #i (ksps) per radio
frame
3 30 15 256 20 2 12 2 2 2 15
3A 30 15 256 20 2 10 2 4 2 8-14
3B 60 30 128 40 4 24 4 4 4 8-14

Compressed mode tutorial - 18

Physical Layer Aspects - 14
Frame and Slot Structures - 5
• TFCI mapping DL
– When the number of bits available for TFCI is larger than the actual
TFCI code word, DTX is used to fill the unused positions
• TFCI mapping UL
– When the number bits available for TFCI is larger than the actual
TFCI code word, repetition is used to fill the TFCI field.
– In cases where the gap ends in the radio frame under
consideration, the bits chosen for repetition are those immediately
following the gap. They are repeated in reverse order from the end
of the frame. The idea is that bits experiencing bad quality due to
the gap, are then repeated in most reliable positions.
– In cases where the gap ends in the next radio frame, the bits that
are repeated are bits from the beginning of the frame.

Compressed mode tutorial - 19

Physical Layer Aspects - 15
Power Control -1 (UL)
• DPDCH/DPCCH power offsets are altered to keep the
power on the pilot bits and information bits constant
• Inner loop power control in compressed mode
– some commands are lost due to the transmission gap, aim is
to recover as fast as possible after the transmission gap
– Initial Transmit Power (ITP)
• ITP = 0 : power after the transmission gap = power before the
transmission gap
• ITP = 1 : power after the transmission gap = average power
before the transmission gap
– Recovery Period Power control (RPP)
• RPP = 0 : same algorithm and step size applied as in normal
mode
• RPP = 1 : algorithm 1 is used with step size DRP-TPC = min(3dB,
2DTPC) during RPL slots = min (7 slots, transmission gap length)
after the transmission gap
Compressed mode tutorial - 20
Physical Layer Aspects - 16
Power Control - 2 (UL)
• Outer loop power control in compressed mode
– a specific SIR target has to be used during the compressed frames and the
frames following the compressed frames
• SIRcm-target = SIRtarget + DSIRpilot + DSIR1_coding + DSIR2_coding

– DSIRpilot added energy to compensate for the difference in number of UL

pilot bits between compressed and normal frames
– DSIRi_coding (i=1,2) is derived from parameters signalled by the UTRAN
– DSIRi_coding = DeltaSIRi if the start of the ith transmission gap is within
the current uplink frame
– DSIRi_coding = DeltaSIRafteri if the current uplink frame just follows a
frame containing the start of the ith transmission gap
– DSIRi_coding (i=1,2) aim at compensating the link level performance
degradation due to compressed mode (higher level of puncturing, missing
TPC commands during the gaps…). They are signalled by the UTRAN on
a per sequence basis

Compressed mode tutorial - 21

Physical Layer Aspects - 17
Power Control - 3 (UL)
Compressed mode procedure

DPCCH
ITP =0

Dpilot Dpilot
Transmission
gap
Compressed frames Compressed frames
Recovery period
during RPL slots, RPP = 0 or 1
Inner loop power control

ITP =1
DPCCH Offset last
Dpilot
Dpilot
Transmission
gap

Compressed frames Compressed frames

Recovery period
during RPL slots, RPP = 0 or 1
Inner loop power control
Compressed mode tutorial - 22
Physical Layer Aspects - 18
Power Control - 4 (DL)
• Inner loop: equivalent to UL method with ITP=0, RPP=1
• during compressed frames when the node B does not receive TPC
commands, it maintains its output power constant
• ITP = 0 : power after the gap is equal to power before the gap
• RPP = 1 : during RPL = min(TGL,7) slots after the transmission gap,
the node B uses DRP-TPC = min(2DTPC,3dB) step size

Compressed mode procedure

DPCCH
ITP =0

Dpilot Dpilot
Transmission
gap
Compressed frames Compressed frames

Recovery period
during RPL slots, RPP = 1

Inner loop power control

Compressed mode tutorial - 23
Physical Layer Aspects - 19
Power Control - 5 (DL)
• Outer loop: downlink SIR target offsets are signalled to the UE
in a similar way as for uplink outer loop power control
• As a consequence the node B must apply a power offset PSIR to
compensate for downlink SIRtarget variation during compressed
mode
– PSIR = Pcurr - Pprev is computed every slot
– P = max(DPi_compression)i=1…n + DP1_coding + DP2_coding
– DPi_compressioni=1…n
• n is the number of transport channels in the CCTrch
• DPi_compression = 3dB if SF reduction is used
• DPi_compression = 10log(15*Fi/(15*Fi-TGLi)) if there is a transmission gap of
length TGLi frames created by puncturing in the current TTI of length Fi
frames
• DPi_compression = 0dB otherwise

– DPi_coding = DeltaSIRi or DeltaSIRafteri (i=1,2) depending on whether

the current frame contains the ith transmission gap or follows a frame
containing the ith transmission gap
Compressed mode tutorial - 24
Configuration Procedures - 1
NBAP Procedures -1
• Compressed mode pattern sequences are configured in the
Node B by the RNC
– using the RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message and
“Transmission Gap Pattern Sequence Information”IE
– several compressed mode pattern sequences can be configured at
the same time (up to 6)
– configuration can be done separately from activation : the RADIO
LINK SETUP REQUEST message may not contain TGPRC
(repetition count) and TGCFN (starting CFN)
• Activation can be done later with a COMPRESSED MODE
COMMAND message and “Active Pattern Sequence
Information” IE
– contains the starting CFN and in case of reconfiguration the CFN
where the new configuration should first apply
– contains TGPRC
Compressed mode tutorial - 25
Configuration Procedures - 2
NBAP Procedures -2
• Reconfiguration can be done with synchronised
reconfiguration procedures
– RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE message contains
the new compressed mode configuration
– RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION COMMIT message contains
the activation time for the new configuration
– the old configuration is used until RADIO LINK
RECONFIGURATION COMMIT is received
• It may also be done with unsynchronised reconfiguration
– RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION REQUEST message contains
the new configuration
– the old configuration is used until a COMPRESSED MODE
COMMAND message is received

Compressed mode tutorial - 26

Configuration Procedures - 3
NBAP Procedures -3
• Failure conditions
– the node B does not support the requested transmission gap pattern
sequence when configured by the RNC at radio link setup
• it sends a RADIO LINK FAILURE message with cause “CM not supported”
– the node B does not support the new compressed mode pattern
sequences configured by the RNC during a synchronised or
unsynchronised radio link reconfiguration
• it sends a RADIO LINK FAILURE message with cause “CM not supported”
– the node B detects that among the compressed mode pattern
sequences configured by the RNC some have overlapping gaps or
gaps within the same radio frame
• it stops transmission in the downlink
• it sends a RADIO LINK FAILURE message with cause “Invalid compressed
mode settings”

Compressed mode tutorial - 27

Configuration Procedures - 4
RRC Procedures - 1 (Principles)
• Key principle is that transmission gap pattern
sequences are configured with the Radio Bearers and
activated with the request for measurements
– Parameters are given with Radio Bearer associated messages
• RRC CONNECTION SETUP / RELEASE, RADIO BEARER
SETUP / RECONFIGURATION / RELEASE, TRANSPORT
CHANNEL / PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION
• each pattern is given an identifier
– Activation is done via the Measurement Control procedure
• MEASUREMENT CONTROL allows the association of a number
of measurements, performed on a list of cells, with a previously
defined transmission gap pattern sequence via the Transmission
Gap Pattern Sequence Identifier (TGPSI)

Compressed mode tutorial - 28

Configuration Procedures - 5
RRC Procedures - 2 (Parallel Sequences)
• Maximum number of parallel transmission gap pattern
sequences to be supported by the UE depends on the
mode(s)/RAT(s) supported by the UE
– 1 for FDD measurements
– 1 for TDD measurements
– 3 for GSM measurements (RSSI measurements, BSIC identification,
BSIC reconfirmation)
– E.g., a UE supporting an FDD + GSM must be able to support up to 4
compressed mode pattern sequences in parallel if it requires compressed
mode to perform measurements
• UTRAN must ensure that the compressed mode pattern
sequences configured in parallel are compatible
– they do not create transmission gaps in the same frame
– when using puncturing and another method, the parallel pattern sequences
should not attempt to place gaps within the same time interval associated
with the longest TTI of the CCTrCH

Compressed mode tutorial - 29

Configuration Procedures - 6
RRC Procedures - 3 (Measurements)

• UE might be required to perform several types of

measurements within one compressed mode pattern
sequence
– only one pattern sequence with purpose “FDD measurements” can
be configured by the UTRAN at any one time
– this pattern will be used for all types of FDD inter-frequency
measurements (CPICH measurements, RSSI measurements,
timing measurement, etc.)

Compressed mode tutorial - 30

Performance Impacts - 1
How to use the pattern sequences?
• Rules are defined in 3GPP TS25.133 for how to use the
pattern sequences for the different types of measurements
• For performance reasons, some limitations are also given
on the use of certain parameters
–In general
• TGPL>1, i.e. not every frame should be compressed
• TGPL1 = TGPL2 since some mobile manufacturers do not wish to
handle the case of two patterns of different length within one
transmission gap pattern sequence

–FDD and TDD inter-frequency

measurements
• only TGL = 7, 10, or 14 can be used

–GSM measurements
• RSSI: TGL = 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, or 14 Compressed mode tutorial - 31
Performance Impacts - 2
How to use the pattern sequences? (FDD)
• For FDD inter-frequency measurements, TS 25.133 defines several
generic formulas to determine the time required to obtain a
measurement report and the impact on the intra-frequency
measurements
– The measurement period Tmeasurement, inter is defined as
a function of the percentage of time available for
inter-frequency measurements and the number of
carriers the UE is required to search.
• A minimum of Tmeasurement, inter = 480 ms has also been set for the
measurement period
– Activation of compressed mode will impacts the existing intra-frequency
measurements in two ways: it will reduce the number cells that can be
monitored during a measurement period and it will lengthen the amount of
time required to identify a new cell.
• Ymeasurement, intra defines the number of cells that can be measured during
the intra-frequency measurement period. It has a maximum value of 8.
• Tidentify, intra is used to define the time required to identify a new detectable
cell. It has a minimum value of 800 ms.
Compressed mode tutorial - 32
Performance Impacts - 3
How to use the pattern sequences? (GSM)
• For GSM measurements, 25.133 indicates how the UE
should use each of the three available transmission gap
pattern sequences to measure a number of GSM cells
– Unlike FDD inter-frequency measurements, a basic measurement
period of 480 ms is defined for GSM RSSI measurements and then
limits on sampling are used to define how many carriers may be
measured within this period.
• Specific values are defined in 25.133 for the number of GSM RSSI
samples that may be taken within each transmission gap based on the
length of the gap.
• If the complete set of cells in the “inter-RAT cell info list” cannot be
measured within one measurement period, the RSSI measurements are
continued in subsequent measurement periods

Compressed mode tutorial - 33

Performance Impacts - 4
How to use the pattern sequences? (GSM)
• The reporting of GSM RSSI measurements can be requested
with or without BSIC verification.
– The time required for a measurement report is essentially dictated by
the time required to identify the BSICs of the required number of cells.
– If BSIC verification is requested, the UE has to first perform RSSI
measurements over the full list of GSM cells and then attempts to
verify the BSIC of the 8 strongest BCCH carriers.
– UTRAN can signal an additional parameter Nidentify_abort to set an upper
limit on the number of patterns the UE should use in attempting to
identify the BSIC of a given BCCI carrier.
• If the timer expires, the BSIC is considered non-verified and the UE moves
on to attempt to identify the next BCCH carrier in signal strength order
– Once the BSIC of a GSM BCCH carrier has been identified, that
carrier is moved to the reconfirmation process.
• A timer Tre-confirm abort may also be set to limit the amount of time the UE
devotes to attempting to re-confirm the BSIC of an identified BCCH carrier

Compressed mode tutorial - 34

In which spec can I find the relevant information?
• Key Principles of Compressed Mode : 25.302, 25.215
• Physical Layer Aspects
– Transmission Gap Pattern Sequences : 25.302, 25.215
– Compressed Mode Methods
• rate matching, physical mapping issues : 25.212
• code allocation : 25.213
– Frame and Slot Structures : 25.211
– TFCI mapping: 25.212
– Power Control : 25.214
• Configuration Procedures
– NBAP procedures : 25.433
– RRC procedures : 25.331
• Performance Issues : 25.133

Compressed mode tutorial - 35

Parameterisation Options and
Configurations within Nortel’s
UMTS Product
Parameterisation Options – 1
General Considerations
• There is a trade-off between the measurement performance and
the system capacity
– Increasing the percentage of compressed frames will decrease the time
required to perform the inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements but will
also impact the existing intra-frequency measurements as well as the power
management and link level performance
• In general, it is best to use compressed mode sparingly and
decide in advance what action is desired
– It is better not to activate compressed mode for continuous monitoring and
not to make measurements over several systems (FDD, TDD, GSM)
simultaneously
• If compressed mode is used for coverage reasons, it may be best
to extend the transition zone by starting handover preparation
earlier for some users rather than waiting until the final moment
– This will help to prevent “hot spots” where many users trigger the activation
of compressed mode at the same time
Compressed mode tutorial - 37
Paramaterisation Options – 2
FDD Inter-Frequency Handover
• For FDD inter-frequency handover, the basic
requirement is to choose a pattern that will allow the
measurements to be made in a reasonable amount of
time while not
– Choose patterns giving low values for Tmeasurement, inter
– The number of intra-frequency cells that can be monitored
and reported, Ymeasurement, intra, should be reduced by no more
than 1 or 2 from their maximum of 8
– The time needed to identify a new intra-frequency cell,
Tidentify,intra, is not degraded significantly beyond the 800 ms
set for the minimum performance

Compressed mode tutorial - 38

Example Patterns and Measurement Performance
Figures for FDD/FDD Inter-Frequency Handover
Pattern TGL1 TGL2 TGD TGPL1 Tmeasurement, inter [ms] Ymeasurement intra Tidentify intra
[slots] [slots] [slots] [frames]
Nfreq=1 Nfreq=2
1 7 - undefined 3 480.00 958.47 6 947.37
2 7 - undefined 8 1277.96 2555.91 7 849.56
3 7 - undefined 12 1916.93 3833.87 7 832.37
4 14 - undefined 4 480.00 512.82 6 1043.48
5 14 - undefined 8 512.82 1025.64 7 905.66
6 14 - undefined 12 769.23 1538.46 7 867.47
7 10 - undefined 4 480.00 779.73 6 960.00
8 10 - undefined 8 779.73 1559.45 7 872.73
9 10 - undefined 12 1169.59 2339.18 7 847.06
10 7 7 15…60 8 638.98 1277.96 7 905.66
11 7 7 15…60 12 958.47 1916.93 7 867.47
12 14 14 30 or 60 8 480.00 512.82 6 1043.48
13 14 14 30 or 60 12 480.00 769.23 6 947.37

Compressed mode tutorial - 39

Paramaterisation Options – 4
Inter-RAT Handover to GSM
• In general, it is the initial identification of the GSM
BSIC which will dominate the time required to perform
the necessary measurements
– As a consequence, it is best to choose the compressed mode
patterns for this operation and then build the patterns for GSM
RSSI measurements and BSIC reconfirmation around this pattern

• The three required patterns must facilitate parallel

operation within the measurement by utilising pattern
lengths that are multiples of each other.
– If the patterns are of different lengths, they will slide in time against
one another and eventually attempt to place a transmission gap in
the same frame, creating an error

Compressed mode tutorial - 40

Worst Case Timing for
Initial BSIC Identification
Pattern TGL1 TGL2 TGD TGPL1 TGPL2 Tidentify abort Nidentify_abor
[slots] [slots] [slots] [frames] [frames] [s] t
[patterns]
1 7 - undefined 3 TGPL1 1.53 51

2 7 - undefined 8 TGPL1 5.20 65

3 7 7 47 8 TGPL1 2.00 25

4 7 7 38 12 TGPL1 2.88 24

5 14 - undefined 8 TGPL1 1.76 22

6 14 - undefined 24 TGPL1 5.04 21

7 14 14 45 12 TGPL1 1.44 12

8 10 - undefined 12 TGPL1 2.76 23

9 10 10 75 12 TGPL1 1.56 13

Compressed mode tutorial - 41

Worst Case Timing for
BSIC Re-confirmation
Pattern TGL1 TGL2 TGD TGPL1 TGPL2 Tre- Nre-confirm_abort
confirm_abort
[slots] [slots] [slots] [frames] [frames] [patterns]
[s]
1 7 - undefined 3 TGPL1 1.29 43
2 7 - undefined 8 TGPL1 4.96 62
3 7 - undefined 15 TGPL1 7.95 53
4 7 7 69 23 TGPL1 9.89 43
5 7 7 69 8 TGPL1 2.64 33
6 14 - undefined 8 TGPL1 1.52 19
7 14 14 60 8 TGPL1 0.80 10
8 10 - undefined 8 TGPL1 1.76 22
9 10 - undefined 24 TGPL1 4.80 20
10 7 7 47 8 TGPL1 1.76 22
11 7 7 38 12 TGPL1 2.64 22
12 14 - undefined 24 TGPL1 4.80 20
13 14 14 45 12 TGPL1 1.20 10
14 10 - undefined 12 TGPL1 2.52 21
15 10 10 75 12 TGPL1 1.32 11
Compressed mode tutorial - 42
Examples Patterns for GSM RSSI Measurements
and the Number of Carriers Measured Per Period
Pattern TGL1 TGL2 TGD TGPL1 Number of Carriers measured
[slots] [slots] [slots] [frames] per 480 ms measurement period
1 7 - undefined 3 32
2 7 - undefined 8 12
3 7 - undefined 15 6
4 7 7 69 23 4
5 7 7 69 8 24
6 14 - undefined 8 30
7 14 14 60 8 32*
8 10 - undefined 8 20
9 10 - undefined 24 6
10 7 7 47 8 24
11 7 7 38 12 16
12 14 - undefined 24 10
13 14 14 45 12 32*
14 10 - undefined 12 13
15 10 10 75 12 26
* 32 is the maximum number of cells in the “inter-RAT cell info list”
Compressed mode tutorial - 43
Option 1 for GSM Measurements
Parameter GSM RSSI GSM Initial GSM BSIC
Measurements BSIC Identification Re-confirmation
TGSN 9 7 7
TGL1 10 14 14
TGL2 - - -
TGD undefined undefined undefined
TGPL1 8 8 8
TGPL2 undefined undefined undefined
TGPRC 182 176 154
TGCFN CFNx (CFNx + 50) mod 256 (CFNx + 229) mod 256
N_IDENTIFY_ABORT - 22 -
T_RECONFIRM_ABORT - - 3

Compressed mode tutorial - 44

Option 1 for GSM Measurements

Pattern for GSM RSSI measurements

Pattern for initial BSIC identification
Pattern for BSIC reconfirmation

GSM RSSI Initial BSIC BSIC GSM RSSI Initial BSIC

Measurements Identification Reconfirmation Measurements Identification

Compressed mode tutorial - 45

Option 2 for GSM Measurements
Parameter GSM RSSI GSM Initial GSM BSIC
Measurements BSIC Identification Re-confirmation
TGSN 9 7 9
TGL1 10 14 10
TGL2 - 14 -
TGD undefined 45 undefined
TGPL1 12 12 12
TGPL2 undefined undefined undefined
TGPRC 100 96 84
TGCFN CFNx (CFNx + 51) mod 256 (CFNx + 201) mod 256
N_IDENTIFY_ABORT - 12 -
T_RECONFIRM_ABORT - - 5

Compressed mode tutorial - 46

Option 2 for GSM Measurements

Pattern for GSM RSSI measurements

Pattern for initial BSIC identification

Pattern for BSIC reconfirmation

GSM RSSI Initial BSIC Initial BSIC BSIC GSM RSSI

Measurements Identification Identification Reconfirmation Measurements

Compressed mode tutorial - 47

Option 3 for GSM Measurements
Parameter GSM RSSI GSM Initial GSM BSIC
Measurements BSIC Identification Re-confirmation
TGSN 9 9 9
TGL1 10 10 10
TGL2 - 10 -
TGD undefined 75 Undefined
TGPL1 12 12 12
TGPL2 undefined undefined Undefined
TGPRC 100 176 84
TGCFN CFNx (CFNx + 45) mod 256 (CFNx + 201) mod 256
N_IDENTIFY_ABORT - 22 -
T_RECONFIRM_ABORT - - 5

Compressed mode tutorial - 48

Option 3 for GSM Measurements
Pattern for initial BSIC identification

Pattern for GSM RSSI measurements

Pattern for BSIC reconfirmation

Initial BSIC GSM RSSI Initial BSIC BSIC Initial BSIC

Identification Measurements Identification Reconfirmation Identification

Compressed mode tutorial - 49

Parameterisation Options – 14
Conclusions
• Patterns 5 and 10 for FDD inter-frequency handover look
promising from both a measurement performance perspective
and a system performance perspective
• Options 2 and 3 for Inter-RAT handover to GSM look the most
interesting
– Option 2 provides better worst case timing for BSIC identification and
reconfirmation
– Option 3 provides a slightly lower percentage of time spent in compressed
mode

• Simulation and live measurements are required to settle on a

definitive “best choice” or decide whether several options are
preferable from a planning perspective.

Compressed mode tutorial - 50