SEMINAR ON
ATMOSPHERIC WATER GENERATOR
GUIDED BY :
Prof. Sudhansu Sekhar Sahoo
PRESENTED BY :
NAME- Suraj Kumar Swain
Reg No. - 1401106438
Branch- Mechanical
Group- B1
Contents:-
1. Introduction
2. Theory
3. Design of Model
4. Major Components
5. Calculation
6. Observation Table
7. Results
8. Advantages
9. Disadvantages & Limitation
10. Applications
11. Conclusion
12. References
 1.Introduction
• Because of pure water scarcity in many regions worldwide, finding
alternative methods for pure water generation becomes beneficial enough
to motivate many researchers to work on related topics. Atmospheric water
generation is one of the promising methods for getting pure water.

• Atmospheric water generators (AWGs) apply vapour compression

refrigeration to extract water vapour from the surrounding air. It produce
drinking quality water and it require moist air and electricity.

• Water generation from atmospheric air is considered as a renewable water

source.
 3.Theory: -
• Atmospheric Air = Dry Air + Water Vapour.

• Atmospheric Pressure = Partial Pressure of Dry Air + Partial Pressure of

Water Vapour.

• Water can be extracted from air by cooling below its dew point
temperature.

• Dew point temperature is temperature at which water vapour starts to

condense when the air is cooled at constant pressure.

• In other words, Dew point temperature is the saturation temperature

corresponding to partial pressure of water vapour present in air.

• Condensation of water vapour from air will be carried out by

dehumidification using vapour compression refrigeration cycle.
4.Design of Model: -
• It is extension of vapour compression refrigeration
cycle.
• Evaporator box is well sealed & insulated with
help of kini-foam. Aluminium fin is provided over
aluminium tube to provide extra heat transfer
surface.
• A channel for passage of air inflow & outflow is
made on wall of evaporator box. Axial fan is
connected over outflow passage of air.

• A hole is made at bottom surface of evaporator box

& a pipe is connected to this hole to a water
collection chamber. Tube from evaporator is
connected to accumulator which is further
connected to compressor.
Contd…
• The rest thing are lies in circulating of
refrigerant as in refrigeration system. A single
stage hermitically sealed reciprocating
compressor is used.

• The copper tube from compressor is connected

to air-cooled fin and tube condenser. The tube of
condenser is cooled with help of axial flow fan.
• Fins made up of aluminium are provided over
surface of tube for better heat transfer.

• Then the condenser circuit is connected to silica

gel filled air drier. Before the drier a Bourdon
tube pressure gauge is connected to check the
pressure of compressed refrigerant.
• A very long capillary tube is connected from
drier to aluminium tube in evaporator box.
 5.Image of Some Major Components

Figure: Compressor Figure: Condenser Figure: Air Drier

Figure: Capillary Tube Figure: Accumulator Figure: Fan

 6.Calculation: -
• Dew Point Temperature Calculation : -
A well-known approximation used to calculate the dew point, is the Magnus
formula:
T (ºC) 𝑹𝑯(%) DPT(ºC)
𝒄𝜸
DPT= 40 40 23.85
𝒃−𝜸
41 40 24.74
𝑹𝑯 𝒃𝑻 42 40 25.63
Where 𝜸(T,RH)=ln ( ) +
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑪+𝑻 43 40 26.52

Where DPT is dew point temperature in ºC, 40 45 25.82

T is air temperature (dry bulb) in º C , 41 45 26.73
RH is relative humidity in percentage, 42 45 27.63
b = 17.67 & c = 243.50 º C.
43 45 28.53

So, average dew point temperature is around 25 ºC. Table: - Arbitrary Day data from Bhawanipatna
Climatic conditions
On an average climatic condition of Bhawanipatna :

DPT=25 ºC , T= 40 ºC , RH=45%,Patm = 1.01325 bar :-

𝑹𝑯 𝑷𝒗
= , where Pv is partial pressure of water vapour & Pvs is saturation
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑷𝒗𝒔
pressure of water vapour at same temperature

Pvs is saturation temperature corresponding to dry bulb temperature.

Here , Pvs = 0.07384 bar. So Pv = 0.033228 bar.

𝑷𝒗
ω = 0.622( ) =0.0204 kg of water vapour/ kg of dry air.
𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒎−𝑷𝒗

That is from 1 kg of dry air 0.0204 kg of maximum possible water can be extracted .
 7.Observation Table: -
Experimented at Bhwanipatna(Western Odisha) from March to May 2016:

Day T (ºC) (Maximum Temp) 𝑹𝑯(%) Water Extracted in a day

(in Litres)
10th March 39.4 36 4.7
20th March 40.5 38 4.9
30th March 43.9 40 4.9
10th April 44.1 42 5.3
15th April 43.7 42 5.1
20th April 44.0 45 5.7
30th April 44.8 44 5.8
5th May 46.4 45 5.8
10th May 45.3 49 6.2
15th May 46.3 45 6.1

So average amount of water extracted per day is 5.45 Litres

 8.Results:-
Average amount of water extracted per day is 5.45 Litres

Power input device = 155 W (Including compressor & both fans)

1unit = 3600 kJ

If device is operated for 1 day, power input = 0.155× 60 × 60 ×24 kJ = 13392 KJ

= 3.72 unit

As per WESCO, Cost of electricity per unit (DOMESTIC) = Rs. 3.90/-

Cost of 1 day operation of the device = 3.72 × 3.90 = Rs. 14.508/-

𝟏𝟒.𝟓𝟎𝟖
So, cost of generation of 1 litre of water = = 𝑹𝒔 𝟐. 𝟔𝟔/−
𝟓.𝟒𝟓
 9.Advantages: -
• AWG is highly portable, compact & easy to handle.

• Expensive piping infrastructure is not needed.

• Installation of AWG is very easy.

• AWG generates water from atmospheric air so conventional water sources is

not required.

• Since cost of generation of 1 litre of water is about Rs.2.66/-, so it is cost

effective.

• Operation of AWG is very easy i.e. we need to only plug in to electrical

socket & water is automatically stored in collecting chamber.
 11.Disadvantages & Limitation: -
• Since we use reciprocating compressor & two axial fans, so operation is little
bit noisy.

• It will not be cost effective, if relative humidity of a region is very low i.e.
below 30%.

• Continuous power supply is needed for operation. Water can be only

generated if there is a supply of electricity.

• Generation of water is bit slowly during starting the device. It will take some
time to store water in collecting chamber.

• Air above industrial areas is highly polluted due to emission of pollutants like
SOX, NOX etc. from industries so PH of water generated from this area is
acidic in nature.
 10.Application: -
 AWG acts as a dehumidifier & subsequently helps in
reducing indoor humidity.
 AWG can be useful in large scale application in Military,
Industrial & Agricultural sectors.
 It acts as a reservoir of energy during emergency time like
flood, earthquake.
 Restaurant, Bars, Hotels where large amount of clean
water is required, we can use AWG.
 We can generate water in remote areas, mining sites where
getting water is an issue.
 12.Conclusion : -
• After testing it was found that AWG can produce 5.45Litres of water in one day.
• Amount of water generated depends on relative humidity of air, velocity of Air
passed over coil. With increase in relative humidity amount of water extraction
increases.
• Applying this system in a coastal areas like Puri or in highly humid region almost
20 litres of condensed water can be produced per day, this is promising result.
• This application of this technology may result in solution for water supply
problems in many situations without high infrastructure setup cost and time
needed. It could create additional potable water without depleting existing
resources.
 13.References : -
• Dia Milani , Abdul Qadir , Anthony Vassallo , Matteo Chiesa , Ali Abbas;
Experimentally validated model for atmospheric water generation using a solar
assisted desiccant dehumidification system; Energy & Building 77(2014) 236-246.

• Ben Niewenhuis,Chris Shepperly,Ryan Van Beek,Eric Van Kooten, Atmospheric

Water Generator by TEAM 5,2012.

• Domkundwar, Arora, A.V. Domkundwar; A course in refrigeration & Air

conditioning; Dhanpat Rai & Co. Reprint 2014.

• https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-causes-humidity/

• http://www.imd.gov.in/pages/city_weather_show.php

• http://wescoodisha.com/cinfo/a1.htm