SAMAR ISLAND

(SG 18 & 20)

Cobsilen Jr., Clifford U.
Map showing
Samar and
Leyte Islands

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 Samar Island

 Its stratigraphy comprises two stratigraphic

groupings.
1. Leyte Gulf (SG18)
- includes southwestern Samar as
well as the islands of Dinagat, Siargao,
Bucas Grande and Homonhon.

2. Samar Block (SG20)

- Constitutes the rest of the island.

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Stratigraphic
Column of
Samar Island

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Samar Ophiolite
Lithology: Peridotite, dunite, gabbro, sheeted
dikes, pillow basalts, pyroclastic rocks

Stratigraphic relations: Constitutes the

basement rocks

Distribution: southeastern Samar

Age: Cretaceous, probably Early Cretaceous

Named by: MMAJ-JICA (1990)

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 Samar Ophiolite

 The Samar Ophiolite in eastern Samar is part of

the Samar-Surigao segment of the Eastern
Bicol-Eastern Mindanao Ophiolite Belt (BMG,
1981, 1986)

 Embodies a nearly complete ophiolite

sequence consisting of peridotite, dunite, gabbro,
sheeted dykes and pillow basalts

 The Giporlos Ultramafic Complex, sheeted

dikes and Camcuevas Volcanics in southeastern
Samar comprise the Samar Ophiolite.

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Giporlos Ultramafic Complex
Lithology: Peridotite, dunite, gabbro

Distribution: Southeastern Samar

Age: Cretaceous

Named by: Garcia and Mercado (1981)

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Camcuevas Volcanic Complex
Lithology: Basalt, pyroclastic rocks

Stratigraphic relations: Intruded by diorite;

overlain by Balo Formation

Distribution: General MacArthur, Eastern

Samar

Age: Late Cretaceous

Thickness: 650 m
Named by: Santos-Yñigo and others (1951) 8
Camcuevas Volcanic Complex

The unit consists of:

50 m thick of agglomerate, overlain by
30 m of basaltic lava , which in turn, is overlain by
70 m of bedded pyroclastic rocks with limestone
fragments.

These bedded pyroclastics are overlain by 500 m

of massive lava.

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 Anagasi Formation
Lithology: Andesite, tuff, tuff breccia; basalt, flow
breccia; manganiferous chert; calcarenite

Stratigraphic relations: Underlies the Balo and

Lawaan formations

Distribution: Anagasi, southeastern Samar;

Lawaan area

Age: Late Cretaceous

Named by: Cabantog and Quiwa (1982) 10

Balo Formation
Lithology: Limestone, conglomerate, sandstone,
mudstone, shale

Stratigraphic relations: Overlies the Camcuevas

and Anagasi Formations

Distribution: Balo River, southwest of General

MacArthur; Bagacay and Sulat area; Borongan,
Giporlos, San Jose de Buan

Age: Late Cretaceous

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Balo Formation

Thickness: 400 m

Previous name: Balo River Formation

(Santos-Yñigo and others, 1951)

Renamed by: MGB (this volume)

 The San Jose Formation of Cabantog and Quiwa

(1982), which conformably overlies the Anagasi
Formation in central Samar, is equivalent to the Balo
Formation
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Lawaan Formation
Lithology: Diorite, monzonite, quartz diorite,
granodiorite; andesite dacite, rhyodacite;
pyroclastic rocks; chert

Stratigraphic relations: Intrudes Camcuevas

Volcanic Complex

Distribution: Lawaan, southeastern Samar

Age: Paleogene, probably Late Cretaceous – Early

Eocene
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Lawaan Formation

Named by: Cabantog and Quiwa (1982)

Synonymy: Felsic Volcanic Rocks (BMG, 1981;

Garcia and Mercado, 1981)

The formation consists of:

a) felsic subvolcanic rock and lava flows
b) felsic pyroclastics,
c) mineralized rocks, and
d) ferruginous chert

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Mapanas Limestone
Lithology: Limestone

Stratigraphic relations: Intertongues with San

Nicolas Claystone

Distribution: Peripheries of Mapanas Bay in

northeastern Samar

Age: Eocene

Thickness: 200 m
Named by: PNOC-EC (1979, in BED, 1986b) 15
Mapanas Limestone

 The San Nicolas Claystone is considered as

the basinal clastic equivalent of the Mapanas
Limestone (BED, 1986b). It consists of thinly
laminated claystone and siltstone with
carbonaceous material and disseminated
pyrite. Increase in fossil content was observed
along with increase in calcareous content,
which was also confirmed in North Samar A-IX
well. It is dated Eocene.

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Daram Formation
Lithology: Sandstone, conglomerate, shale,
volcanic flows, limestone

Stratigraphic relations: Unconformable over the

Camcuevas Volcanic Complex

Distribution: Daram, Buad and Paracan Islands;

northwestern and south-central part of Samar; San
Pedro Bay, Bassey

Age: Late Oligocene to Early Miocene

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Daram Formation
Thickness: 1,000 m Named by Corby and others
(1951)

Synonymy: Mawo Volcanics (Garcia and

Mercado, 1981) Loquilocon Limestone (Garcia and
Mercado, 1981)

 A large foraminiferal assemblage contains

Lepidocyclina (Eulepedina) but no Miogypsina
was found in San Pedro Bay, Hilaba, Basey.

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Lepidocyclina

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Hagbay Formation

Lithology: Reefal limestone, siltstone

Stratigraphic relations: Overlain by the

Catbalogan Formation

Distribution: Barrio Hagbay, San Jose de Buan

Age: Middle Miocene Named by Carozzi and

others (1976)

Synonymy: Hinabangan Formation

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Hagbay Formation

 The Hagbay is equivalent to the

Hinabangan Formation (BED, 1986b),
which crops out around the central core
of Samar. It consists of limestone
breccias at the base and grades into
reefs at the middle portion and
bioarenites at the upper portion of the
formation (BED, 1986b). It is dated Early
– Middle Miocene and has an estimated
thickness of 500 m.

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Catbalogan Formation
Lithology: Marl, siltstone, sandstone, pebble
conglomerate

Stratigraphic relations: Underlain by the

Hagbay Formation

Distribution: Road from Catbalogan to Lope de

Vega; road to Wright; east of Loquilocon, Bassey;
Dolores River

Age: Middle Miocene – Early Pliocene Thickness

450 - > 500 m
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Catbalogan Formation
Previous name: Catbalogan Sands and Marls
(Corby and others, 1951)

Renamed by: Garcia and Mercado (1981)

 From Catbalogan Sands and Marls, Carozzi and others

(1976) renamed the formation Catbalogan Shale for the
sequence of coarse, dark sandstone, which grades
upward to fossiliferous thinly interbedded sandstone and
shale and highly calcareous shale. A conglomerate
facies of the Catbalogan containing clasts of diorite,
basalt, andesite, schist, marble and chert was reported
by Garcia and Mercado (1981) who renamed the unit
Catbalogan Formation. 23
Calicoan Formation
Lithology: Limestone, claystone

Stratigraphic relations: Not reported

Distribution: Calicoan Island; southeastern tip of

Eastern Samar

Age: Late Pliocene to Pleistocene

Previous name: Calicoan Limestone (Corby and

others, 1951)
Renamed by: BMG (1981) 24
Calicoan Formation
 Underlying the limestone is a clastic member,
Taclaon Clay, which is composed of alternating
layers of brownish, sandy, bluish gray claystone
beds. The formation is dated Late Pliocene to
Pleistocene.
 The limestone member of the formation is
equivalent to the Palapag Limestone, which is
distributed mainly along the coastal areas in
eastern Samar and to a lesser extent, in
westernmost Samar (BED, 1986b). It consists of
coralline rubbles, limestone breccias,
biocalcarenites and coralalgal deposits.

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QUIZ!
30
Give 5 formations that are
discussed in this
presentation.

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Any of the following:

 Calicoan Formation
 Catbalogan Formation
 Hagbay Formation
 Daram Formation
 Mapanas Limestone
 Lawaan Formation
 Balo Formation
 Anagasi Formation
 Samar Ophiolite

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