CHAPTER 5:

MATTER
P R E PA R E D B Y : P N N U R U L Y U S M A H A N I M B T
AHMAD
 5.1 MATTER IN NATURE

WHAT IS MATTER?
• Matter is a substance that has mass and occupy space

Example of matter Example of non-matter

Living things such as human, plants Sound
and animal
Water Light
Stone heat
Sand Shadow
lamp Dust
 5.1 MATTER IN NATURE
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Physical properties Chemical properties
What is physical properties? What is chemical properties?
Properties that can be observed Properties that change the chemical
without changing the chemical nature nature of a matter
of a matter
State example physical properties State example chemical properties
Melting point  Flammability
Boiling points  Rusting
Mass
Density
Solubility
Heat conductivity
 5.1 MATTER IN NATURE

ACTIVITY 1:
CLASSIFY THE FOLLOWING SITUATION
INTO CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
•Do activity 5.2 from textbook page
142
ACTIVITY 5.2 5.1 MATTER IN NATURE

AIM : TO DIFFERENTIATE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTY OF

MATTER
SITUATION PROPERTY Category
Water boils at 100OC Physical property Boiling
Ice cream melts Physical property Melting
Paper burns Chemical property Flammability
Iron spoon becomes hot Physical property Heat conductivity
when it is put into cup
of hot coffee
Iron key rusts when Chemical property Rusting
exposed into air
Medicine tablet dissolve Physical property Solubility
into water
 5.1 MATTER IN NATURE

HOW WE CAN CLASSIFY MATERIALS BY THEIR

DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTIC?
-WE CAN CLASSIFY VARIOUS MATERIALS INTO
FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTIC

Melting Boiling
Density Solubility
point point
 DENSITY
•Definition: DENSITY is the mass per unit
volume
•Density determines the ability to float or
sink
•Higher density objects will sink
•Lower density objects will float
PHENOMENON RELATED TO DENSITY 5.1 MATTER IN NATURE

 Pomegranate juice is less denser than

orange juice and white grape juice

 Orange juice is less denser than white grape

juice
Add salt
Egg float on
Egg sinks in salty water.
plain water. Egg is less
Egg is more denser than
denser than salty water
plain water

Water displacement method


MELTING POINT AND BOILING POINT
Definition melting point
Temperature at which a substance
changes from solid to liquid
5.1 MATTER IN NATURE
Definition boiling point
Temperature at which a substance
changes from liquid to gas

Melting and boiling points of various substances

substances Melting point (0C) Boiling point(0C)
Water 0 100
Alcohol -117 78
Copper 1085 2562
oxygen -218 -183
 5.1 MATTER IN NATURE

SOLUBILITY = ABILITY OF SUBSTANCE

TO DISSOLVE IN SOLVENT (EG: WATER)

Soluble in Soluble in Insoluble in Soluble in

water water water water

SOLUBILITY = DISSOLVE
 5.2 THREE STATES OF MATTER

KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER

• Kinetic theory of matter states that Matter is made up
constantly moving small and discrete particle
• These particles are too tiny and cannot be seen by naked eyes and light
microscope. They can be seen through electron microscope

Light microscope Electron microscope

 Example:

solid Car
Ice
Rock
Wood

Three
states of
matter
Example: Example:

Oxygen gas Oil

Nitrogen gas Gas Liquid Alcohol
Hydrogen gas water
 5.2 THREE STATES OF MATTER
ARRANGEMENT OF
PARTICLES

Example of
substances
 THREE STATES OF MATTER:
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOLID, LIQUID AND GAS (COMPLETE THE
TABLE.REFER TEXTBOOK PAGE 147)
solid liquid gas
Shape FIXED SHAPE TAKES THE SHAPE OF TAKES THE SHAPE OF
THE CONTAINER THE CONTAINER
Mass Fixed mass Fixed mass No fixed mass

Volume Fixed volume Fixed volume Follows the volume of

the container
Compressibility incompressible Difficult to copress Compressible

Space between particles Small Moderate Large

Particles movement Vibrate in fixed position Move freely Move randomly

State Particles Very close to each other Close to each other Very loose to each other
arrangement
Draw particle
arrangement
 DIFFUSION RATE IN STATE OF MATTER

What is Process in which the particles of substances

diffuse from a high concentration area to a
diffusion? low concentration area

Example of diffusion..
THE RATE OF DIFFUSION
 CHANGE IN STATE OF MATTER
Process that absorb heat (heat Process that release heat (heat
taken in) given out)
Melting Freezing
Boiling / evaporation Condensation
Sublimation (solid to gas) Sublimation (gas to solid)
GROUP ACTIVITY:

DESCRIBE THE MELTING, BOILING,

EVAPORATION, CONDENSATION, FREEZING
AND SUBLIMATION (TEXT BOOK PAGE
153).

INCLUDE EXAMPLE OF SUBSTANCE OR

SITUATION THAT UNDERGO THOSE
PROCESS