1.

Maria Glaiza Buendia

2.Jayboy M. Sartorio
3. Daniel B. Canen
4. Charles John P. Cubar
5. Aileen D. Tenio
6. Zyra Beth B. Francisco
7. Sharla Mae C. Talonding
I. Introduction (Governance, Corruption And
Development)

II. The Magnitude of and Losses Due to Corruption

III. The Context of Corruption in the Philippines

Filipino Culture And Corruption
Philippine Political System And Corruption
Corruption In Historical Perspective

IV. Anti-Corruption Policies and Program

Anti-Corruption Laws
Constitutional Anti-Corruption Bodies
Participation of the Non-government Sector
 GOVERNANCE,
CORRUPTION AND
DEVELOPMENT
 GOVERNANCE, CORRUPTION
AND DEVELOPMENT

“Good government” requires

the highest standards of
integrity, openness and
transparency.
It aims to serve the interest
of the people.
 GOVERNANCE, CORRUPTION
AND DEVELOPMENT

Corruption is defined as
the misuse or the abuse
of public office for
private gain.
(WorldBank, 1997, UNDP, 1999)
 Tax Evasion

Ghost Projects
Bribery and Payrolls

Evasion of
Protection Public bidding
Money CORRUPTION in awarding of
contracts

Passing of
Extortion
Contracts
Nepotism and
Favouritism
 GOVERNANCE, CORRUPTION
AND DEVELOPMENT

 Public procurement
 Customs
 Rezoning of land
 Revenue collection
 Government appointments; and
 Local government
 GOVERNANCE, CORRUPTION
AND DEVELOPMENT

 Most corrupt government agencies

 The Philippines lost $410.5
billion between 1960 and 2011
on illicit activities
P9 billion was lost to government due
to malversation, estafa (swindling)
and violation of the provision of RA
3019 (the Anti-Graft and Corrupt
Practices Act) for a period of eight
and a half years (1990 to June 1998)
 “At least P24.13 B of what the Philippine
government spent for various projects was
lost to graft and corruption, or barely 20%
of all project funds are lost to grafters.” –
Joseph Estrada

 The Ombudsman claimed that, “The

government lost P1.4 trillion and
continues to lose P100M daily since the
Office began investigating corruption in
government since 1988.”
FILIPINO CULTURE,
POLITICAL SYSTEM
AND HISTORY
a. FILIPINO CULTURE

1.Utang na Loob (debt of gratitude)

2.Kinship ties (compadre system)
3.Giftgiving
4.pakikipagkapwa-tao
B. POLITICAL SYSTEM

 Personalism in politics.

A Presidential system which gives the President

too much wide range powers, and a weak party
system incapable of securing support through
programmatic politics.
c. History
 Spanish period
 American Occupation
 Political Independence (1950s to 1960s)
 Marcos Regime
 1970s and early 1980s
 Aquino Government (1986 to 1992)
 Ramos Administration
 Joseph Estrada
 Anti-Corruption Laws
Constitutional Anti-Corruption
Bodies
Participation of the Non-
government Sector
 A. ANTI-CORRUPTION LAWS

 Article XI of the 1987 Constitution states the

fundamental principle of public office, as public trust. It requires full accountability
and integrity among public officers and employees.

 Article II Section 27 of the 1987 Constitution

states that the Philippine government is directed to maintain honesty and integrity
in the public service, and to take action against graft and corruption.

 Article
II Section 28 of the 1987
Constitution states that the Philippine government is directed to give
full public disclosure of all transactions involving the public interest.

 Article
III Section 7 of the 1987
Constitution gives people the right to information on matters of public
concern, including official records, documents and papers pertaining to official acts,
transactions or decisions, and to government research data used as the basis for
policy development.
 A. ANTI-CORRUPTION LAWS

 Republic Act 3019, The Anti-Graft and Corrupt

Practices, enumerates what may be considered as corrupt practices by
any public officer, declares them unlawful and provides the
corresponding penalties of imprisonment (1 month, 6 years and 15 years),
perpetual disqualification from public office, and confiscation or
forfeiture of unexplained wealth in the favor of the government. It also
provides for the submission by all government personnel of a statement
of assets and liabilities every two years.

 Republic Act No. 6713, the Code of Conduct and

Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees was passed. It
promotes a high standard of ethics and requires all government personnel
to make an accurate statement of assets and liabilities, disclose net
worth and financial connections. It also requires new officials to divest
ownership in any private enterprise within 30 days from assumption of
office, to avoid conflict of interest.

 Republic Act (RA) 1379 (1955). This act

declared forfeiture in favor of the state any property found to have been
unlawfully acquired by any public officer or employee
B. ANTI-CORRUPTION BODIES
 C. NON-GOVERNMENT SECTOR

 Civil Society Initiatives. NGOs are particularly a

vocal group in the fight against corruption. Civil society groups such as
Volunteers Against Crime and Corruption (VACC) have effectively used the
media to focus public attention on certain cases and developments. The
media themselves have formed NGOs which will serve as the watchdog of
the government (Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIJ),
Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility (CMFR).

 Private Sector Initiatives. Private organizations help

usually in the form of funding of anti-corruption programs of NGOs. The
Makati Business Club has been a visible lobbyist for good governance in the
Philippines.

 International Organizations. With their extensive

resources, international organizations had also helped craft the good
governance framework and long term strategies to fight corruption.
International organizations such as the Worldbank, ADB, UNDP, USAID,
Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, and Transparency International have launched
rigorous programs to help the government.
 D. PROGRESS AND RESULTS

Corruption Perceptions Index

SOURCE:TRADINGECONOMICS.COM/ TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL
D. PROGRESS AND RESULTS
 D. PROGRESS AND RESULTS

Three strategies to control

corruption:
1. The formal machinery in monitoring the
officials and politicians needs to be
drastically improved
2. Popular pressure
3. The public must be educated to exert
moral and political pressure to outlaw
corruption.
What is the difference between
corruption in the US and
corruption in the Philippines?

In the U.S. they go to jail.

In the Philippines they go to the U.S.