highly neglected

part of research process

• The record of
, scientific adviser to India’s prime minister
and one of the nation’s most celebrated
scientists, is marred by a cavalier approach
to plagiarism and more than one instance
of serious breach of academic ethics.

• Plagiarism Case of Pondicherry University Vice

Chancellor Chandra Krishnamurthy.

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 A literature review
 Surveys
scholarly
sources relevant
to a particular
issue, area of
research, or
theory.
 Provides a
description,
summary, and
critical
evaluation of
each work.
 Offers an
overview of
significant
literature
published on a
topic.
 Gives future
research context
by telling the
story of work
done so far.
– How do I know I have the “right stuff”?

– How do I know when I’m done?

– How do know what’s important?

– No set answers…for each individual to

decide.
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 Digging Into the Literature –
How?
Aspect How?
Major works •Literature databases
•Colleague recommendations
•Cited work
Related works Citation searching:
•Web of Science
•Google Scholar
New information •Articles alerts/RSS feeds
•Tables of Contents
Put it all together, you have a literature review!
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Establish research context

Show why the question is significant

Illustrate and describe previous research, including

gaps and flaws

Ensure that research has not been done before

Hey, did you notice that the bullets here are

checkboxes?
Understand the structure of the problem

Demonstrate your knowledge of the field

Synthesize previous perspectives and develop

your own perspective

Point the way to future research

• Topical Order—organize by main topics
or issues; emphasize the relationship of
the issues to the main “problem”.
• Chronological Order—organize the
literature by the dates the research was
published.
• Problem-Cause-Solution Order—
Organize the review so that it moves
from the problem to the solution.
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Topic Research and
Collect Information

Writing RefWorks
and
revision
Work with Articles
and Brain
 Topic

Initial topic won’t be your final topic!

Choose, explore, focus
Refine as you go based on:
Availability of research – too much? too
little?
Discovering new ideas
Writing progress
 Topic Research and
Collect Information

Search databases
Find, evaluate, and select articles
 Topic Research and
Collect Information

Save your work

in a citation mgr. RefWorks
Read, analyze,
synthesize
Develop your Work with Articles
conceptual and Brain
framework
 Topic Research and
Collect Information

RefWorks
Refine topic?
Use your citation
manager to stay
Work with Articles
organized
and Brain
Topic Research and
Collect Information

Writing RefWorks
and
revision
Work with Articles
and Brain
Develop draft topic
 Discuss with advisor, colleagues

Find a literature review (or book/chapter)

 Identify key terms and concepts
 Use bibliography to find sources

Search the major disciplinary database

 Check with colleagues, a librarian
 Each will have different ideas of where to search!
 Determine scope and facets of topic
 Collect useful, current sources
 Proceeding…

Search other key databases (another

discipline?)
• Round out understanding of scope, facets, terms,
concepts
Search a Citation database
• Best ones: Web of Science, Google Scholar
– Web of Science has better tools
– Scholar can complete picture
• Identify key/seminal papers/research
• Identify key researchers, research centers, journals
• Trace citations back and forward
• Tool to aid in writing a document showing
synthesis
• Based on a grid
Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4

James, et al. xxxxx xxxxx

Chung xxxxx xxxxx

Levy xxxx xxxxx

 “Stringing” Model:
Organization of a Simple
Summary Paper
• Introduction
 Paragraph 1: Summary or
description of article 1
 Paragraph 2: Summary or
description of article 2
 Paragraph 3: Summary or
description of article 3
• …and on…
• Summary and conclusions
“Synthesis” Model:
Paper showing Synthesis of Sources
and Sequencing by Theme
• Introduction--Introduce context,
topic, importance, research
questions, overview
 Theme A: Introduce concept or
theme, discuss/compare the relevant
parts of papers 1, 3, and 4
 Theme B: Introduce concept or
theme, discuss/compare the relevant
parts of papers 2,4, and 5
 Theme C: Introduce concept or
theme, discuss/compare the relevant
parts of papers 5 and 6
• Final paragraphs --Summarize and
highlight conclusions, unresolved
issues, identify possible next steps
in research and/or practice.
• Review isn’t logically organized
• Review isn’t focused on most important
facets of the study.
• Review doesn’t relate literature to the study.
• Review isn’t written in author’s own words.
• Review reads like a series of disjointed
summaries.
• Review doesn’t argue a point.
• Recent references are omitted.
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Plagiarism includes (Galvan, pg. 89):
1. Using another writer’s words without proper
citation
2. Using another writer’s ideas without proper
citation
3. Citing a source but reproducing the exact word
without quotation marks
4. Borrowing the structure of another author’s
phrases/sentences without giving the source
5. Borrowing all or part of another student’s paper
6. Using paper-writing service or having a friend write
the paper
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