Introduction to Real

Time UML
Kameswaran P – June 2014
References

• UML User Guide – Grady Booch

• UML language reference manual
• Bruce Douglas –Real time UML workshop
What is this UML?
simplify
• Unified Modelling Language
• An industry-standard graphical language for specifying,
visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artefacts of
software systems, as well as for business modelling.
• The UML uses mostly graphical notations to express the OO
analysis and design of software projects.
• Simplifies the complex process of software design
• The Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a standard language
for writing software blueprints.
Why Model?

Models
• To develop software that stands test of time
• Strong architectural foundation resilient to
change
• To develop SW rapidly, efficiently, effectively
• Proven and well-accepted engineering
technique
• UML is not dependent on any one language or
technology.
More reasons to go for
modeling

Models
• A diagram/picture = thousands words
• Uses graphical notation to communicate
more clearly than natural language
(imprecise) and code(too detailed).
• Makes it easier for programmers and software
architects to communicate.
• Helps acquire an overall view of a system.
UML Modeling

• Structural modeling
• Behavioral modeling
UML Diagrams
Key Advantages

Iterative
development

Real time Visual

frameworks Modeling

Model Model Code

Execution associativity
UML Diagrams – Real Time

UML Methods
Modeling for better system view

UML Methods
Static View
• Component view

Dynamic View
• Use Case diagram
• Activity diagram
• Sequence diagram <<with time constraints>>
• State machine diagram
Use Case Diagrams
Dynamic view

• Capture requirements.
• Clarify exactly what the
system is supposed to do
from end user/application
perspective typically
• Displays the relationship
among actors and use
cases. Different from
traditional flow chart.
Activity Diagram
Dynamic view

• Modeling a workflow
• Essentially a
flowchart, showing
flow of control
• Modeling the
sequential (and
possibly concurrent)
steps
Sequence Diagram
Dynamic view – with constraints

• Displays interaction between objects as 2D chart

• Vertical dimension is the time axis & horizontal
dimension shows individual objects playing roles in
the system
• Enables capturing real time requirements as timing
constraints
State Machine Diagram
Dynamic view

• Directed graphs in
which nodes denote
states
• Connectors denote
state transitions
• Trigger events with
optional list of executed
actions
• Initial transition can
also have actions
 Timing Diagram
Dynamic View

• UML provides this new diagram class to meet real

time system requirements
• In addition provides two data types
– Time
– Time expression
• Helps visualize
conditions or
state changes
Real Time UML

Real Time UML

• Real-Time UML is Standard UML
– “UML is adequate for real-time systems” Grady Booch 1997
– “Although there have been a number of calls to extend UML for the real-time domain
…experience had proven this is not necessary.” Bran Selic, 1999 (Communications of the
ACM, Oct 1999)

• Real-Time UML is about applying the UML to meet the

specialized concerns of the real-time and embedded domains
• Real-time and embedded applications
– Special concerns about quality of service (QoS)
– Special concerns about low-level programming
– Special concerns about safety and reliability
– Supports modeling of concurrency by providing some concepts,
including active objects, concurrent composite states and concurrent
operations
CASE Tools

Tools
• Computer aided software engineering tools
has been in use since the 60s
• Evolved over the decades into what we see
today and some aim to follow the
standardized UML specification for the
targeted lifecycle CASE responsibilities.
Free & Paid Tools

• General purpose
– IBM Rational Rhapsody
– Microsoft Visio
– Enterprise Architect
– Star UML, Argo UML, Dia
Focus on Real Time Embedded systems
– Quantum Leaps QP Framework
– Rational Rhapsody Developer
Questions??