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Kultur Dokumente
Dr. S. R. Ahmed
Virtualization
• Virtualization deals with “extending o r replacing
an existing interface so as to mimic the behavior
of another system”
• In computing, virtualization refers to the act of
creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of
something, including virtual computer hardware
platforms, storage devices, and computer network
resources.
Virtualization
• Virtualization began in the 1960s, as a method of
logically dividing the system resources provided
by mainframe computers between different
applications. Since then, the meaning of the term
has broadened
• Virtual system examples: virtual private network,
virtual memory, virtual machine
Virtualization
• We define virtualization as the art and science of
making the function of an object or resource
simulated or emulated in software identical to that
of the corresponding physically realized object.
• In other words, we use an abstraction to make
software look and behave like hardware, with
corresponding benefits in flexibility, cost,
scalability, reliability, and often overall capability
and performance, and in a broad range of
applications.
Virtualization
• Virtualization, then, makes “real” that which is
not, applying the flexibility and convenience of
software-based capabilities and services as a
transparent substitute for the same realized in
hardware.
Levels of Virtualization
Relative Merits of Virtualization at
Various Levels
• Run legacy software on non-legacy hardware
• Run multiple operating systems on the same
hardware
• Create a manageable upgrade path
• Manage outages (expected and unexpected)
dynamically
• Reduce costs by consolidating services onto
the fewest number of physical machines
http://www.vmware.com/img/serverconsolidation.jpg
Non-virtualized Data Centers
• Too many servers for too little work
s2 s1
Full Virtualization
Paravirtualization
Hardware-assisted Virtualization
Full Virtualization
– Everything is virtualized
– Full hardware emulation
– Emulation = latency
Privileged Instructions
– Privileged instructions: OS kernel and device
driver access to system hardware
– Trapped and emulated by VMM
Pros and Cons – Full
Virtualization
• Pros
– Disaster recovery, failover
– Virtual appliance deployment
– Legacy code on non-legacy hardware
• Cons – LATENCY of core four resources
– RAM performance reduced 25% to 75%
– Disk I/O degraded from 5% to 20%
– Network performance decreased up to 10%
– CPU privileged instruction dings nearing 1% to 7%
Paravirtualization
–OS or system devices are virtualization aware
Requirements:
–OS level – recompiled kernel
–Device level – paravirtualized or “enlightened”
device drivers
Paravirtualization
• Pro: fast
VM … VM
Dynamic Translation Virtual
Machine
… Machine
Virtual
Time
Virtualization Logic