Komunikasi Keperawatan

COMMUNICATION in Nursing
COMMUNICATION
• The sending and receiving of a message.
Aspects of Communication (i)
• Sender - the one who conveys the message to another person.

• Message - the thought, idea, or emotion conveyed.

• Channel - how the message is sent.

Aspects of Communication (ii)
• Receiver - physiological/ psychological components.

• Feedback - the receiver’s response to the sender.

• Influences - Culture, education, emotions and other factors involved.

Methods of Communication
• Verbal - Speaking, Listening, Writing, Reading.

• Nonverbal - Gestures, Facial Expressions, Posture and Gait, Tone of

Voice, Touch, Eye Contact, Body Position, Physical Appearance.
Influences on Communication
•Age •Language

•Education •Attention

•Emotions •Surroundings

•Culture
Congruency of Messages
Verbal and nonverbal communication must be congruent, or in
agreement.
Listening and Observing
Listening and observing are two of the most valuable skills a nurse can
have.

These two skills are used to gather the subjective and objective data
for the nursing assessment.
Active Listening
The process of hearing spoken words and noting nonverbal behavior.

Active listening takes energy and concentration.

Therapeutic Communication
Sometimes called effective communication, it is purposeful and goal-
oriented, creating a beneficial outcome for the client.
Goals of Therapeutic Communication
• To obtain or provide information

• To develop trust

• To show caring

• To explore feelings
 Enhancing Communication
• Self-Disclosure.

• Caring.

• Genuineness.

• Warmth.

• Active Listening.

• Empathy (the capacity to understand another’s feelings).

• Acceptance and respect.

 Communication Techniques
• Clarifying/validating.

• Asking open questions.

• Using indirect statements.

• Paraphrasing.

• Summarizing.

• Focusing.
 Barriers Communication
• Closed questions.

• False reassurance.

• Judgmental responses.

• Defensive reflex.

• Changing the subject.

Nurse-Client Communication

• Almost every nurse-client interaction should involve therapeutic

communication.

• Nurse-client communication is influenced by both the nurse and the

client.
 Three Phases of Nurse-Client
Communication

• Introduction: Fairly short; expectations clarified; mutual goals

set

• Working: Major portion of the interaction; used to accomplish

goals outlined in introduction; feedback from client essential.

• Termination: Nurse asks if client has questions; summarizing

the topic is another way to indicate closure.
Determinant Factors in Communication

A nurse’s communication is affected by:

• Past Experience
• State of Health
• Home Situation
• Workload
• Staff Relations
Determinant Factors in
Communication
A client’s communication is affected by:
• Social Factors
• Religion
• Family Situation
• Level of Consciousness
• Stage of Illness
• Visual, Hearing and Speech Ability
• Language Proficiency