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Homo Sapiens

Sapiens

and

Homo Sapiens
Neanderthalensis
HOMO SAPIENS
SAPIENS
 Homo Sapiens Sapiens

 It is believed that modern humans like you and I first originated on the Earth
around 50,000 years ago in Africa.

 These modern humans are referred to by historians as Homo sapiens sapiens.


Within just a few thousand years these modern humans had spread to every
continent across the entire planet, and onto many islands.

 As Homo sapiens sapiens migrated outward from Africa, it is believed that they
wiped out Neanderthals, either by absorbing them through intermarriage, or by
destroying them through war and competition.
PHYSICAL SIZE
● Humans are characterized by
their bipedalism and their lack of
significant body hair. Males are
generally larger than females, with
more pronounced muscle
development and generally more
hair on the face and torso than
females.
BRAIN SIZE

●Homo sapiens living today have


an average brain size of about
1350 cubic centimetres which
makes up 2.2% of our body
weight making the brains of this
species absolutely smaller
HOW THEY SURVIVE
They made specialized tools, and use
tools to make other tools, as described
above; they ate a variety of animal and
plant foods; they had control over fire;
they lived in shelters; they built broad
social networks, sometimes including
people they have never even met; they
exchanged resources over wide areas;
and they created art, music, personal
adornment, rituals, and a complex
symbolic world.
HOMO SAPIENS
NEANDERTHALENSIS
 Neanderthals (the ‘th’ pronounced as ‘t’) are our
closest extinct human relative. Some defining
features of their skulls include the large middle
part of the face, angled cheek bones, and a huge
nose for humidifying and warming cold, dry air.
Their bodies were shorter and stockier than ours,
another adaptation to living in cold
environments. But their brains were just as large
as ours and often larger - proportional to their
brawnier bodies.
PHYSICAL SIZE

Neanderthal adult height averaged


about 160cm, and average body
mass is estimated at about 60-85kg

Height: Males: average 5 ft 5 in (164


cm); Females: average 5 ft 1 in
(155 cm)Weight: Males: average
143 lbs (65 kg); Females: average
119 lbs (54 kg)
BRAIN SIZE

Brain size was larger than the


average modern human brain
and averaged 1500 cubic
centimetres. This is
expected, as Neanderthals
were generally heavier and
more muscular than modern
humans. People that live in
cold climates also tend to
have larger brains than those
living in warm climates.
HOW THEY SURVIVE
Compared to early humans living in
tropical Africa, with more abundant
edible plant foods available year-
round, the number of plant foods
Neanderthals could eat would have
dropped significantly during the
winter of colder climates, forcing
Neanderthals to exploit other food
options like meat more heavily.
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