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“INFPS DO IT BETTER”
Type Descriptions
Ethical Considerations
Background
The MBTI instrument
Based on Jung's ideas about perception and judgment, and the
attitudes in which these are used in different types of people.
The essence of the theory is that random variation in behavior is
actually quite orderly and consistent, being due to basic
differences in the way individuals prefer to use their perception
and judgment.
The aim of the MBTI instrument is to identify, from self-report of
easily recognized reactions, the basic preferences of people in
regard to perception and judgment, so that the effects of each
preference, singly and in combination, can be established by
research and put into practical use.
Background
The MBTI instrument differs from many other
personality instruments in these ways:
Itis designed to implement a theory; therefore the
theory must be understood to understand the MBTI
instrument.
The theory postulates dichotomies; therefore some of
the psychometric properties are unusual.
Based on the theory, there are specific dynamic
relationships between the scales, which lead to the
descriptions and characteristics of sixteen "types."
Type Descriptions
The MBTI instrument contains four separate indices.
Each index reflects one of four basic preferences
which, under Jung's theory, direct the use of
perception and judgment.
Extraversion v. Introversion
Sensing v. Intuition
Thinking v. Feeling
Judgment v. Perception
Type Descriptions (E-I)
Extroversion:
Refers to the preference of directing your energy to
dealing with people, things, situations, or "the outer
world.”
Introversion:
Refers to the preference of directing your energy to
deal with ideas, information, explanations or beliefs, or
"the inner world.”
Type Descriptions (E-I)
The E–I index is designed to reflect whether a
person is an extravert or an introvert.
Extraverts are oriented primarily toward the outer
world; thus they tend to focus their perception and
judgment on people and objects.
Introverts are oriented primarily toward the inner
world; thus they tend to focus their perception and
judgment upon concepts and ideas.
Type Descriptions (S- I)
Sensing:
Refers to the preference of dealing with facts, what you
know, to have clarity, or to describe what you see.
Intuition:
Refers to the preference of dealing with ideas, looking
into the unknown, generating new possibilities or
anticipating what is not obvious.
Type Descriptions (S-I)
The S–N index is designed to reflect a person's
preference between two opposite ways of
perceiving
One may rely primarily upon the process of sensing (S),
which reports observable facts or happenings through
one or more of the five senses
One may rely upon the less obvious process of intuition
(N), which reports meanings, relationships and/or
possibilities that have been worked out beyond the
reach of the conscious mind.
Type Descriptions (T-F)
Thinking:
Refers to the preference of deciding on the basis of
objective logic, using an analytic and detached
approach.
Feeling:
Refers to the preference of deciding to use values
and/or personal beliefs, on the basis of what you
believe is important or what you or others care about.
Type Descriptions (T-F)
The T–F index is designed to reflect a person's
preference between two contrasting ways of
judgment.
A person may rely primarily through thinking (T) to
decide impersonally on the basis of logical
consequences
A person may rely primarily on feelings (F) to decide
primarily on the basis of personal or social values.
Type Descriptions (J-P)
Judgment:
Refersto the preference of life being planned, stable
and organized.
Perception:
Refers to the preference of going with the flow,
maintaining flexibility and responding to things as they
arise.
Type Descriptions (J-P)
The J–P index is designed to describe the process a
person uses primarily in dealing with the outer
world (the extraverted part of life).
A person who prefers judgment (J) has reported a
preference for using a judgment process (either thinking
or feeling) for dealing with the outer world.
A person who prefers perception (P) has reported a
preference for using a perceptive process (either S or
N) for dealing with the outer world.
Your Personal Code
When you put these four letters together, you get
your personality type code, and there are sixteen
combinations.
For example, INTJ indicates that you prefer Introversion,
Intuition, Thinking and Judging
*Remember, this indicates preferences only - an INTJ also
uses Extraversion, Sensing, Feeling and Perception.
Reliability of the MBTI
Reliabilities(when scores are treated as
continuous scores, as in most other
psychological instruments) are as good or
better than other personality instruments.
In general…
Introversion/Extroversion scale of MBTI receives
moderate marks from researchers on all three major
tests of validity.
Sensing/Intuition and Thinking/Feeling scales show
generally weak validity.
Validity of the MBTI
In summary…
It appears that the MBTI does not conform to many of the
basic standards expected of psychological tests.
Many very specific predictions about the MBTI have not
been confirmed or have been proved wrong.
There is no obvious evidence that there are 16 unique
categories in which all people can be placed.
There is no evidence that scores generated by the MBTI
reflect the stable and unchanging personality traits that are
claimed to be measured.
Finally, there is no evidence that the MBTI measures anything
of value.
MBTI & the Big 5
The closer the number is to 1.0 or -1.0, the higher the degree of correlation.
So…Who Uses This?!?!
The MBTI is used in the areas of:
Education
Career Counseling
Parenting and Family Dynamics
Organizational Development