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Contents
1 、 Handover introduction

2 、 Handover process

3 、 Case
1 、 Handover introduction
Handover Purpose

Handover Type
Purpose of handover
★ Movement → Continuity → Cell
★ Interference → Quality → Channel
★ Traffic → Congestion → Border / Layer

Page 4
 Handover Type
Handover Type Handover algorithm
TA handover
Interference handover
Emergency handover Level rapid decrease handover
Bad quality handover
No downlink measurement report
Edge handover
Layer handover
PBGT
Fast move micro-cell handover
Normal handover Concentric handover
AMR handover
3G Better cell
Close BCCH handover
Load handover Load handover
Enhanced dual-band network
Enhanced dual-band network handover
handover
Frequency offset handover 、 Fast
Fast handover
PBGT Handover
Synchronous handover ALL
Asynchronous handover ALL
Contents
1 、 Handover introduction

2 、 Handover process

3 、 Case
 2 、 Handover process
 Overall of process

 MR preprocessing

 Penalty processing

 Cell ranking and characteristic adjustment

 Handover judgment
 2.1 Overall of process

MR Preprocessing

Force handover Normal ： Edge handover

Penalty processing
Direct retry Normal ：
Layer handover
Emergency ： TA
Normal ： PBGT
Cell ranking
Emergency ： BQ

Fast move handover

Emergency ：
Level rapid decrease
characteristic adjustment Concentric handover

Emergency ： interference
Send results

Handover judgment
Load handover
 2.2 MR preprocessing
Step by Step
Interpolate ---- Add MR when missing
MR preprocessing

Continuous MR
flow

Penalty processing
MR MR
MR MR MR

Measurement Measurement report

report No. n No. n+4
Cell Ranking

Filter----Average several continuous MR

characteristic adjustment

Continuous MR
flow
Handover Judgment

MR MR MR
MR MR
MR

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 2.3 Penalty processing

Step by Step
Types of Penalty Process
MR preprocessing
Penalty processing
Cell Ranking
characteristic adjustment
Penalty on the target cell when a HO fails.
to avoid the MS to select this cell again in next HO
judgment.
Penalty on the original serving cell when an emergency
HO ( base on BQ and TA ) is performed.
Penalty on other high priority layer cells after a fast
moving HO is performed.
to keep MS staying in the umbrella cell and avoid
frequent HO.
A new HO attempt is prohibited within the penalty time
after an overlaid/underlaid HO fails.

Handover Judgment

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 2.4 Cell ranking and characteristic adjustment

Step by Step M rule —— received signal level → generate candidate cell

list
MR preprocessing
DL RXLEV >= 【 HOCDCMINDWPWR 】 ＋【 MINOFFSET 】

UL RXLEV >= 【 HOCDCMINUPPWR 】 ＋【 MINOFFSET 】

Penalty processing

Cell Ranking

characteristic adjustment K rule —— received signal level → rank candidate

cell list
After M rule, sort by level
Handover Judgment

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 2.4 Cell ranking and characteristic adjustment

Step by Step
16 bit ranking —— calculate 16 bit value and rank
MR preprocessing

Penalty processing

Cell Ranking

characteristic adjustment

Handover Judgment

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 2.4 Cell ranking and characteristic adjustment
16 Bit
For 16bit algorithm. The value is small, the priority is high.

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1-3 bit ： Sort by level 。

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 2.4 Cell ranking and characteristic adjustment

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

4 bit ： Same layer cell handover hysteresis.

Server cell 4 bit always 0 ，
N-Cell RX level ＝ > server cell RX level + Hysteresis ， 4-bit set
to 0 ； N-Cell RX level< server cell RX level + Hysteresis ， 4-
bit set to 1 。
 2.4 Cell ranking and characteristic adjustment

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

9-10 bit: 00 = micro layer = cell layer 1 01 = 1800 layer = cell layer 2
10 = 900 layer = cell layer 3 11 = umbrella layer = cell layer 4
5-8 bit: Cell priority, it’s divided into 16 levels.

0000-1111
 2.4 Cell ranking and characteristic adjustment

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

11 bit ： load adjustment bit

Serving cell ： cell load >= TRIGTHRES ， Set to 1 and 0 Otherwise ；

Neighbor cell ： cell load >= LOADACCTHRES ， Set 1 and 0

Otherwise.
 2.4 Cell ranking and characteristic adjustment

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

12 、 13 bit ： Same BSC/MSC bit

Serving cell ： always 0
Neighbor cell ： Same BSC/MSC with serving cell ， 12/13 set to
0 ， other wise 1
 2.4 Cell ranking and characteristic adjustment

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
14 bit ： layer handover threshold bit
Serving cell: RX level>= INLAYHOTH － LEVHOHYST
， set to 0 。 Otherwise 1 ， and 13 、 12 、 10 ～ 5 bit is
all set to 0.
Neighbor cell ： RX level>= INLAYHOTH ＋
LEVHOHYST ， set to 0 。 Otherwise 1 ， and
13 、 12 、 10 ～ 5 bit is all set to 0.
 2.4 Cell ranking and characteristic adjustment

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

15 bit ： Expansion cell, set to

1.
Normal cell, set to 0.
16 bit ： reserved
 2.5 Handover judgment

MR Preprocessing

Force handover Normal ： Edge handover

Penalty processing
Direct retry Normal ：
Layer handover
Emergency ： TA
Normal ： PBGT
Cell ranking
Emergency ： BQ

Fast move handover

Emergency ：
Level rapid decrease
characteristic adjustment Concentric handover

Emergency ： interference
Send results

Handover judgment
Load handover
 2.5 Handover judgment
 Class of handover judgment ：

 Emergency——TA 、 BQ 、 Rxqckfallho 、 Interference

 Load handover

 Normal——EDGE ， Layer ， PBGT

 Fast move handover

 Concentric handover
 2.5 Handover judgment
 TA ：
 Serving cell of the TA is greater than the emergency
handover TA threshold.

 BQ ：
 1 、 According to P/N rule
 2.5 Handover judgment
 Interference handover ：
 When the RX-level is greater than a certain value, but the quality is worst

than the quality threshold.

 2.5 Handover judgment
 Load handover
 Load handover is triggered when three conditions are arrived ：
 System signaling traffic is less than the allowed threshold.
 The load of serving cell is higher than the load threshold.
 The load of target cell is less than the load threshold.

BTS

BSC
 2.5 Handover judgment
 Edge handover ：
 1 、 The level of serving less than the EDGE handover threshold.
 2 、 P/N rule
 3 、 The target cell at the top, the level no need greater than layer
threshold and hysteresis.

Edge handover
 2.5 Handover judgment
 Layer handover ：
 1 、 Between the different layers.
 2 、 Neighbor cell level>= layer handover threshold + hysteresis
 3 、 P/N rule
 2.5 Handover judgment
 Layer ：

GSM900 GSM 900

Cell GSM 900 GSM 900

GSM1800
Cell GSM1800 GSM1800 GSM1800
Edge
Layer handover handover

Micro GSM900 GSM900 GSM900 GSM900

Cell
PBGT
GSM1800 GSM1800 GSM1800 GSM1800
 2.5 Handover judgment

 PBGT

 Neighbor cell loss is less than the serving cell

 Neighbor cell in front of serving cell

 P/N rule
Contents
1 、 Handover introduction

2 、 Handover process

3 、 Case
 3.1 Case
 Layer handover case

CRO RXMIN HOTHRES LEVHOHYST ULEDGETHRES DLEDGETHRES

GSM 0 6 25 2 12 20

DCS 6 15 18 2 7 15

Indoor 10 25 25 2 10 18
 3.1 Case
 Layer handover case