ACUTE INFLAMMATION

AND ITS CARDINAL SIGN

REFERENCE : ROBBINS PATHOLOGIC BASIC OF DISEASE
9TH EDITION
WHAT IS INFLAMMATION?

 BODY IMMUNE RESPOND

 INJURY , INFECTION (PAMP) , CELL NECROSIS
 HEAL , DEFEND
MECHANISM

 INFLAMMATORY INDUCER ( PAMP )

 INFLAMMATORY SENSOR (PLASMA AND CELL)
 INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR (AMINE, CYTOKINES WITH
CHEMOKINES)  LOCAL & SYSTEMIC EFFECT
 CELLULAR EVENT ( EXPRESSION IN SELECTIN L & E
(ROLLING, ADHENSION -> LOW AFINITY ) & INTEGRIN
(CHEMOKINES ACTIVATE)-> FIRMING ) & CHEMOTAXIS
 VASCULAR EVENT ( STASIS AND VASCULAR PERMEABILITY )
 Responses of lymphatic vessel and lymph nodes
 Drain edema
 Secondary inflamed ( lymphangitis )
 Hyperplasia
 Plasma ( produced in Liver )
 Complement system ( c1 – c9 )  opsonisation , trigger
vascular permeability , chemotaxis (c5a)
 Kinin  bradykinin ( increase vascular permeability and
pain inducer )
 TERMINATION

Resolution
Usual result
(agent remove) Pus Discharge
(Exudate rich in dead cell , neutrophils
Excessive and microbe]  abscess ( pyogenic)
Exudate Suppuration
Acute
inflammation
Excessive Repair and
Necrosis Organization
Fibrosis
Persistent Causal Chronic
Agent inflammation
 Cardinal Sign

 P.r.i.s.h
 Pain ( prostaglandins  Stimulate / stretch nerve ends )
 Redness ( vasodilation  blood flow)
 Infunction ( combination of factor )
 Swollen (odema , permeability )
 Heat ( “ )