Grammar Review

….just in case you forgot

what they taught you.
Sentence
The Sentence
is a group of words
expressing a complete thought.

expressing
Every sentence has two essential
parts:
The subject of a sentence The predicate of a sentence
is the part about which is the part which says
something is being said. something about the subject.

The flower bloomed.

Bill told everyone
about the wreck.
Bob painted.
Mary sobbed.
The girls on the team were all
Sue plays the piano well.
good students.
The simple subject is the The simple predicate, or
main word in the complete verb, is the main word or
subject. group of words in the
complete predicate.
The four new students arrived
Sara’s sister took us bowling
early.
yesterday.
Simple subject students Simple predicate took

The complete subject is The complete predicate is

the main word and all its the verb and all its
modifiers. modifiers.

Complete subject The four new Complete Predicate took us

students bowling yesterday
 Sentence Fragments

• Some of the students working in professor

Smith’s laboratory last semester.

• Working far into the night in order to

salvage her little boat.
 Run-on sentences
• The sun is high, put on some sunblock.

• This next chapter has a lot of difficult

information in it, you should start right
away.
Prepositions
 A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun
or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence
as a noun. The word or word group that the
preposition introduces is its object.

They received a postcard from Bobby telling

about his trip to Canada.

 The preposition never stands alone!

object of
preposition
preposition object

You can press those leaves under glass.

can have more than
one object
Her telegram to Nina and Ralph brought good news.
object can have modifiers
It happened during the last examination.
Some Common Prepositions

aboard behind from throughout

about below in to
above beneath into toward
across beside like under
after between of underneath
against beyond off until
along by on up
among down over upon
around during past with
at except since within
before for through without
 Prepositions
• Specialized words to • The man on the bus
start prepositional with a hat on his head
phrases. looked at me and
A prepositional phrase turned toward the
is a group of words window.
describing things
which starts with a
preposition and ends
with a noun or pronoun.
• Specialized words to The rabbit went _____
start prepositional the hollow log.
phrases. • Memorize:
• Most prepositions are at, from, to, on, in,
small, common words
indicating time, place into, onto, between,
or position. under, over, against,
around, through
• Specialized words to start • Example:
prepositional phrases.
The problem with him
• Most prepositions are
small, common words is that he sleeps
indicating time, place or during the day and
position.
spends most of the
• Some prepositions
night with his friends.
simply must be
memorized. • Memorize:
of, with, for, during
 Nouns and Prepositions
approval of participation in
awareness of reason for
belief in respect for
concern for success in
confusion about understanding of
desire for need for
fondness for love of
grasp of interest in
hatred of hope for
Adjectives and Prepositions
afraid of made of
angry at married to
aware of proud of
capable of similar to
careless about sorry for
familiar with sure of
fond of tired of
happy about worried about
interested in
jealous of
Verbs and Prepositions
apologize for look up
ask about make up
ask for pay for
belong to prepare for
bring up study for
care for talk about
find out trust in
give up work for
grow up worry about
look for look forward to
Prepositions of Time

AT, ON, and IN

 at
• We use at to designate specific times

• The train is due at 12:15 p.m.

 on
• We use on to designate days and dates.

• My brother is coming on Monday.

 in
• We use in for nonspecific times during a
day, week, month, season, or a year.

• She likes to jog in the morning.

• It’s too cold in winter to run outside.
• He started the job in August.
Prepositions of Place

AT, ON, and IN

 at
• We use at for specific addresses.

• She lives at 21 Jumpstreet.

 on
• We use on to designate names of streets and
avenues.

• The hospital is on Ortigas Avenue.

 in
• We use in for names of land areas (towns,
cities, countries, states, and continents).

• Rizal Park is in Manila.

Prepositions of Time

FOR and SINCE

 for
• We use for when we measure time
(seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks,
months, years).

• He held his breath for seven minutes.

 since
• We use since with a specific date or time.

• She’s been sitting in the waiting room since

two-thirty this afternoon.