Goldie A.

Arradaza
11 - HUMSS
 DYNAMISM - Any of the various
theories of philosophical systems that
seek to explain phenomena of nature
by action of force
 Parsonian theory mainly dicusses
about social change
 SOCIAL CHANGE - Refers to the
transformation of culture, behavior,
social institutions, and social structure
over time
 • EVOLUTION THEORY •
 States that all society moved in a specific
directions
 Parsons come up with the development he
called "paradigm of evolutionary change"
 He come up to this development because
his first development was critized for not
able to deal with social change
 Comes up with the processes of:
 DIFFERENTIATION
 INTEGRATION FOR SOCIETY
 VALUE SYSTEM OF THE SOCIETY
 3 STAGES OF EVOLUTION OF SOCIETY

 PRIMITIVE - Focuses on cultural

dimensions
 INTERMEDIATE - Focuses on knowledge
of writing
 MODERN - Focuses on knowledge of law
• GENERALIZED MEDIA OF EXCHANGE
•
 The idea of this came from the 4 action
systems:
 CULTURAL SYSTEM
 SOCIAL SYSTEM
 BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM
 PERSONALITY SYSTEM

 Have the capacity to be created and to circulate

in the larger society such as money and power
 Parsons focuses on symbolic media of
exchange
EXAMPLE:
Money: It is used to as communication in trading
of goods since people are no longer using barter
system

Power: It influences the society by implementing

rules and regulations
 • ROBERT MERTON'S STRUCTURAL
FUNCTIONALISM •
 STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONISM - A sociological theory
that attempts to explain why society functions the way
it does by focusing on the relationships between
various social institutions that make up the society

 EXAMPLE:
 GOVERNMENT
 LAW
 EDUCATION
 RELIGION

 It also criticized for being unable to account for social

change, or for structural contradictions and conflict
 • STRUCTURAL - FUNCTIONAL MODEL •
 Is a perspective in sociology that sees society as a
complex system whose parts work together to
promote solidarity and stability

 3 BASIC POSTULATES OF FUNCTIONAL

ANALYSIS
 Postulate of the functional unity of society
 Universal functionalism
 Postulate of indespensability

 Merton developed the idea of:

 DYSFUCTION
 NONFUNCTIONS
 NET BALANCE
SOCIAL STRUCTURE

 Stable patterns of social behavior

 Gives shape to our lives

SOCIAL FUNCTION

 Consequences for the operation of society as

a whole
 EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND
SOCIAL FUNCTION
SOCIAL STRUCTURE:
 Students
 Teachers
 Government

SOCIAL FUNCTION (what are their roles)

 To go to school, to learn
 To teach the students
 To lead the nation
 3 CONCEPTS OF FUNCTIONS

 MANIFEST - Those are intended

 LATENT - Those that are unintended
 UNANTICIPATED CONSEQUENCES -
Both intended and unintended
EXAMPLE:

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF GOING TO

COLLEGE?

MANIFEST FUNCTION: To earn skills and

knowledge to get a degree

LATENT FUNCTION: To make friends

 • SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND
ANOMIE •
 ANOMIE - Referred to a situation in which
cultural norms break down because of rapid
change
 - Seek to explain deviance
 DEVIANCE - An action or behavior that violates
social norms
 - Believes that it is due to conditions
of social structure
 - Results because of an imbalance of
the goals and means
 ACCEPTS ACCEPTS
GOALS MEANS
1. CONFORMITY √ √

2. INNOVATION √ X

3. RITUALISM X √

4. RETREALISM X X

5. REBELLION
Does not want the goals and the means of
society, and wishes to change the social
structure
THE END