CONTAGIOUS CAPRINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA:

PRESENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Dr. Y. Singh, Professor

Department of Veterinary Public Health and
Epidemiology
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
 Overview

 About CCPP
 Etiology
 Epidemiology
 Differential Diagnosis
 Preventive measures
 Actions to Take
 What is CCPP ?

 ‘Bou fila’
 Extremely Contagious & frequently fatal

 In naive flocks, extensive morbidity, mortality

 Enlisted as ‘TYPE- B’ by OIE

 Etiological agent

 M. capricolum ss capripneumoniae
(Mycoplasma F-38)

 M. mycoides cluster
 M. capricolum ss. capricolum

 M. mycoides ss capri
 M. mycoides ss mycoides LC type
 M. mycoides ss mycoides SC type
 Mycoplasma sp. bovine group – 7
 Epidemiological features

 Captive wild goats

 Sheep & Cattle not affected

 Chronic & latent Carriers

Shed more organisms
Stress, close contact , over crowding,
confinement, climate changes,
 PPR & Capri pox viruses act as predisposing factor
 More outbreaks after heavy rains in India
 Distribution

 Africa
 Far East
 Middle east
 Eastern Europe
 Former USSR
 Asia (India & Pakistan)

 Never reported in North America

 Countries involved

Confirmed by Clinical disease reported or

isolation of suspected
mycoplasma

Africa Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Algeria, Burkina Faso, Benin, Cameroon,

Kenya, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia, Central African Republic, Djibouti,
Uganda Egypt, Libya, Mali, Nigeria, Somali, Zaire

Nepal, Oman, United Arab Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Iraq,

Asia Emirates, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Turkey, Yemen Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria
 Prevalence in India

 No isolation of Mccp
(However, F-38 from cattle with mastitis)

 Strong serological evidences

 Different states
 Differential Diagnosis

Clinical Picture

 High fever, lethargy, anorexia

 Coughing, labored breathings
 Reluctant to move
 Nasal discharge
 Stringy saliva
 Abortion
 Death, 7-10 days
 Post Mortem Lesions

 Lungs & Pleura

(usually unilateral)

 Granular lung
appearance

 Fibrinous pneumonia
Other Lesions

 Straw-colored fluid in thorax

 Pea-sized yellow nodules

 Adhesions to chest wall

 Thickened pulmonary pleura

 Sampling

 Before collecting or sending any samples,

the proper authorities should be contacted

 Samples should only be sent under secure

conditions to authorized laboratories
 Diagnosis: Laboratory
 Culture
 Semi-solid medium, Mycoplasma
Experience, Reigate (UK)
 Modified Thiaucourt medium
 Modified Hatflick’s medium

 Serology
 Used for herd diagnosis

LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST
 CFT, IHA
 Competitive-ELISA

 In acute cases, No + titre before death

 Molecular techniques

 PCR based on 16S rRNA

detects all M. mycoides cluster

 Sequencing & REA of PCR products

with PstI detects M. ccp specifically

 PCR can detect Mccp directly

from pleural fluid or lung and
also from pleural fluid
dried on filter paper
 Criteria for CCPP

 Isolation of M. c. capripneumoniae
or strong serological evidence or
detection by PCR-REA

 Lesions restricted to lung and pleura

consisting a pleuropneumonia

 Highly contagious with high

morbidity/mortality
 No enlargement of interlobular
septa of lung
 Preventive measures

Recommended Actions
 Notification of Authorities
 Area Veterinarian In-Charge
 State Veterinary Authority

 Testing, slaughter
 Quarantine
 Desirable for infected flocks
 Strict, due to communicability
 Disinfection
 Antibiotic therapy
 Tetracycline, tylosin,
erythromycin, streptomycin
 Early intervention and treatment needed

 Newly infected countries

 Trade, movement restrictions
 Slaughter of infected animals
 Vaccination

 Saponin killed Vaccines available in NVI,

Ethiopia and KVVPI, Kenya
 Good/excellent protection
 Kids above 6 months
 0.2 ml I/D, Jan – March
 Inactivate Mccp just before
inoculation or 12 h at 40C
 Actions to take

 Establishment of diagnostic lab at national level

 Notification to higher authorities before collection &

sending clinical samples

 Sent sample under strict secure conditions & low

temperature to authorized lab
 Differentiate CCPP from Pasteurellosis & M.m.capri or
M. mycoides LC infections
 Use LAT with Mccp for herd diagnosis
  Competitive-ELISA being more specific test must
be available commercially

 Use PCR based on 16S rRNA with REA to detect Mccp.

directly from mixed cultures & clinical samples

 It can also detect Mccp. directly from pleural fluid dried

on filter paper

 In endemic areas, do flock testing, slaughter, on-site

quarantine of affected and vaccination of healthy
animals before introducing new animals.
  Mccp screening as well as vaccination should be done
before wild goats released into zoos & other places.

 In an outbreak, flock testing followed by quarantine,

movement restrictions, slaughter of affected & contact
animals, cleaning & disinfection of premises along with
vaccination in association with antibiotic therapy are better
option than antibiotic therapy alone.

 Improvement of both production capacity and technology

needs for saponin inactivated CCPP vaccine used in Kenya &
Ethiopia.