Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Elly Wahyudin
Farmasi Klinik, PSPA
Pharmacoeconomics
• Health economics and pharmacoeconomics
• Peran Health economics and Pharmacoeconomics
• Economic evaluation
Health economics and Pharmacoeconomics
• Health economics applies economics to health and health care and
considers the choices concerned with allocating scarce resources.
• Pharmacoeconomics is the branch of health economics that is
specifically concerned with pharmaceutical products and services.
The Role of Health economics and
Pharmacoeconomics
Containing the rate of increase in health care spending is a principal
concern in health policy. “Cost-effectiveness” is now an important
criterion for selection therapies by providers and purchasers of health
care.
Health economics and pharmacoeconomics analyse the relationship
between the cost and consequences of health care. This analysis of
new and existing therapies is needed to inform decisions about
allocating scarce resources. The method used to analyse this
relationship is economic evaluation.
Economic Evaluation
• Economic evaluation is the comparative analysis of the costs and
consequences of two or more courses of action
• Komponen : cost dan outcomes
Costs
• Direct costs : direct medical costs
direct non-medical cost
• Indirect costs
• Intangible costs
• Costs are also divided into :
Fixed costs
Semi- fixed costs
Variable costs
Outcomes Measures
• Effectiveness
• Health related quality of life (QoL)
• Expressing benefits as monetary values
Types of Economic Evaluation
• Cost – effectiveness analysis (CEA)
• Cost – minimization analysis (CMA)
• Cost – utility analysis (CUA)
• Cost – benefit analysis (CBA)
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ARE RESOURCES AND OUTCOMES
Process of
Inputs Outputs
Health care
No Relapse
DECICION-ANALYTIC
1 st drug not Relapse
1 st drug TOOL FOR
effective (due effective ANTIDEPRESSANT
to intolerance
THERAPI
of inefficacy No Relapse
1 st drug not
Patient with effective
depression
1 st drug Relapse
effective
No Relapse