konflik,

konflik,
konflik!
istilah
• konflik
• konflik etnis: dispute about political, economic,
social, cultural, or territorial issues between 2 or
more ethnic communities
• konflik internal: violent political disputes whose
origins can be traced primarily to intrastate
rather than interstate factors… includes power
struggles involving civilian or military leaders,
challenges by criminal organisations to state
sovereignty, ideological struggles, as well ethnic
conflicts and secessionist campaigns
• perang sipil: fought between self aware, defined
groups that have organisational capacities to
plan and carry out military operations in support
of political goals
• konflik regional: spill over
istilah
• kelompok etnis: a named human
population with a myth of common
ancestry, shared memories, and cultural
elements; a link with a historic territory
or homeland; and a measure of solidarity;
must (1) have a name, (2) believe in common ancestry,
(3) believe that they have shared historical
experiences – myth, legends, (4) shared culture –
combination of language, religion, laws, customs,
institutions, dress, music, crafts, architecture, food,
etc, (5) feel an attachment to a specific piece of
territory, (6) think of themselves as a group, have a
sense of common identity
istilah
• kelompok minoritas: culturally distinct
groups in plural societies who seek equal
rights, opportunities, and access to
power within existing political
communities; want access, a goal usually
pursued by conventional political action
and protest campaigns
• kelompok nasionalis: regionally
concentrated cultural groups, usually
with a history of separate political
existence from the states that govern
them; usually seek exit, a goal that often
leads to separatist wars and state
repression
perspektif mengenai konflik etnis
• primordialis
• instrumentalis
• konstruktivis
• institusionalis
konflik etnis & demokratisasi (snyder)
• pre-existing rivalries
• political entrepreneurs
konflik etnis (brown)
• faktor struktural:
– weak states
– intrastate security concerns
– ethnic geography
• faktor politik:
– discriminatory political institutions
– exclusionary national ideologies
– intergroup politics
– elite politics
• faktor ekonomi/sosial:
– economic problems
– discriminatory economic systems
– economic development and modernisation
• faktor kultural/persepsi:
– patterns of cultural discrimination
– problematic group histories
why minorities rebel (gurr)
• salience of ethnocultural identity
– how much difference it makes in people’s lives
– dissimilarities among groups
– group psychology of comparative
advantage/disadvantage
– open conflict
• incentives for action
– collective disadvantages
– loss of political autonomy
– repression
– frames for ethnopolitical action
• dynamics of protracted conflict
• capacity for action
– territorial concentration
– preexisting organisation
– formation of coalition
– authenticity of leadership