10 ) Electromagnetism

N S

Magnetic needle
 Magnetic effect of electric current :
Hans Christian Oersted
H.C.Oersted
(1820)

N S
A B A N B A SB
N S N S
N S N
S N
S
Lines of magnetic field due to Right Hand Rule
a straight conductor
B
+
-
-
+
-
+

If we hold a current carrying conductor

A
in right hand such that thumb
points in the direction of the current,
ØMagnetic field α Current then the fingers encircle the wire in the
Direction of magnetic field lines .
agnetic field due to current in loo

+ - + -
( (.
)K E )K E

Magnetic field α no.of loops

Magnetic field α current
 A coil of many circular
Solenoid turns wrapped in the shape
of a cylinder.

Electromagnet

S N

+ -
Similar to bar magnet
S N

ØMagnetic field α Current

ØMagnetic field α No of turns per
unit length
 Electro magnet

N S

I
 Distinguish between electromagnet and permanent magnet

electromagnet permanent magnet

Øsoft iron Østeel

Øcurrent Magnetic field ØPermanent Magnetic field

no current Magnetic field

ØMagnetic field strength can ØMagnetic field strength cannot

be changed be changed

Østrong ØNot strong

Øpolarity of magnet can be Øpolarity of magnet cannot be

reversed reversed
Types of electromagnet

N S

N S

( + -
)K E
I – shaped magnet
( + -
)KHorse E magnet
shoe shaped
 Uses of
electromagnet
Electric bell
 APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
ØELECTRIC BELL works
: on the principle of magnetic effect of electric current

ØELECTROMAGNET

Gong
Soft iron
Hammer rod

Wire
Contact screw
Electro
Iron armature magnet

Spring

+ -
Switch
Supply
 Fleming ’ s left hand rule

North
current

South
force
Magnetic field

force

tch the forefinger, middle finger and the thumb current

our hand mutually perpendicular to each other
he forefinger indicates the direction of magnetic
d and the middle finger indicates the direction
urrent, then the thumb will indicate the direction of motion (force) on conductor.
 Horse shoe magnet

Brush

Commutator

Armature coil
 Horse shoe magnet

Commutator

Brush

Armature coil
 How motors work

B current

force
I C Magnetic field
A field I
field force
force
D
 How motors work

B
No
current
field
A
C

D
How motors work

C
B current
force
I
field
field Magnetic field
I
D
A
force force
Parts of motors
How motors work
A c generators working
Video
 A c generators working

motion
I C

A B-field I

centre-zero
galvanometer
 B
motion
B-field
A
C

D
 C
motion B

I I
B-field
180o
D
A
2 Simple a.c. generator
Current in an a.c. generator:

1
turn
2 1 turn
no. of turns

I = 0 (coil does not cut through any field line)

Transformers
 + -
(
)K E
 North
current

South
force
Magnetic field

force

current
Current caring counductor and dc motors
Like sides repel commutator reverses
and pushes away It rotates the direction of
current
 N S

mA