Mechatronics

By
H.D. Nelaka Shayamal Priyankara
Aim:
Introduce the basic elements of Mechatronics

Learning Outcomes
•describe the fundamentals of mechatronics
systems and their impact in engineering

•carry out basic calculations

 What is Mechatronics?

Mechatronics is the combination of

Mechanical engineering, Electronic
engineering, Computer engineering, Control
engineering, and Systems Design engineering
to create useful products.
Mechatronics
 Finally we can say
Mechatronics brings together areas of
technology involving sensors and
measurements, drive and actuation system,
analysis of the behavior of systems, control
systems, and microprocessor systems.
 What is the system?
A system can be thought of as a box which has
an input and output and where we are not
concerned with what goes on inside the box
but only the relation ship between input and
output.

input output
System
Example: Electric Motor

input output
Motor

Electric Power Rotation of shaf

 What is measurement system?
• A measurement system can be thought of as a
black box which is used for making
measurements. It has as its input the quantity
being measured and its output the value of
quantity.
Example: Temperature measurement
system (Thermometer)

input output
Thermometer

Temperature Number on a scale

 What is control system?
• Control system can be thought of as a black
box which is used to control its output to
some particular value or particular sequence
of value.

input output
Control system
Desired value or Actual value
required value
Example: Domestic central heating
control system
The heating control system has as its input temperature
required in the house and as its output the house at that
temperature, i.e. you set the required temperature on
the thermostat or controller and the heating furnace
adjusts itself to pump water through radiator and so
produce the required temperature in the house.

input output
Central heating
Desired system Actual
temperature temperature
 Measurement systems
Generally measurement systems consider as three
elements
• Sensor
a sensor which responds to the quantity being
measured by giving as its output a signal which is
related to the quantity.
Example:
A thermocouple is a temperature sensor
• Signal conditioner

Take the signal from the sensor and

manipulate it into a condition which is suitable
for either display or in the case of control
system.
Example :
The output of the thermocouple is a rather
small e.m.f. and might be fed through an
amplifier to obtain bigger signal
 • Display

Display gives the readable output value from

the system.
Example:
Pointer moving on a scale or digital readout

input output
Signal Display
Sensor
conditioner
Quantity Value of
being quantity
measured
 Application of Mechatronics
• Machine vision
• Automation and robotics
• Sensing and control systems
• Automotive engineering, Automotive equipment
in the design of subsystems such as anti-lock
braking systems
• Computer-machine controls, such as computer
driven machines like IE CNC milling machines, etc.
 Future of Mechatronics
• Bio- Mechatronics
• Micro -Mechatronics
• Medical -Mechatronics
• Military -Mechatronics
• Intelligent -Mechatronics
 Electronics engineering
• Analogue Electronics
Analogue electronics (or analog in American
English) are those electronic systems with a
continuously variable signal.
• Digital Electronics
Digital electronics are systems that represent
signals as discrete levels, rather than as a
continuous signals
 Analog Electronics
• Resistor
• Capacitor
• Inductor
• Diode
• Transistor
• Operational Amplifier
 Kirchhoff's current law (KCL)

At any node (junction) in an electrical circuit, the

sum of currents flowing into that node is equal
to the sum of currents flowing out of that node

The current entering any junction is equal to

the current leaving that junction.

i1 + i4 = i2 + i3
 Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL)

• The directed sum of the electrical potential

differences(voltage) around any closed circuit
must be zero.

The sum of all the voltages around the loop is

equal to zero.

v1 + v2 + v3 + v4 = 0
 Digital electronics
• Logic gates
• Flip flops
• Encoder
• Decoder
• Multiplexer
• Demultiplexer
• Microprocessor
• Microcontroller
 LOGIC GATE
• AND
• OR
• NOT
• NAND
• NOR
• XOR
• NXOR
 De Morgan,s Law
• NOT (P OR Q) = (NOT P) AND (NOT Q)
• NOT (P AND Q) = (NOT P) OR (NOT Q)