Power Point Presentation - Research Methodology

Sampling Methods

By: Nihit Jaiswal

Population
Sample
Response
Analysis
Conclusion
 Methods of Data Collection
Samples are required
Because it is: • Interviews.
Economical • Questionnaires and
Reliable Surveys.
Valid • Observations.
• Focus Groups.
• Ethnographies, Oral
History, and Case Studies.
• Documents and Records.
 Meaning of sample
• Sampling is a statistical tool which helps to know
the characteristics of the universe or population
by examining only a small part of it. The values
obtained from the study sample, such as the
average and variance are known as ‘statistics’.
Such values for the population are called
‘parameters’. In the sampling method, instead of
every unit of the population, only a part of the
population is studied and the conclusions are
drawn on that basis for the entire population.
 Features of good ‘sample’
i. Much Cheaper
ii.Saves Time
iii.
Much Reliable
iv.Very suitable for carrying out different
surveys
v. Scientific in nature.
 Advantage of sampling

i. Very accurate.
ii. Economical in nature
iii.Very Reliable
iv. High suitability ratio towards the different
surveys
v. Takes less time
vi. Sampling Method is the only practical
method utilised in case of large universe.
 Type of samples
• Probability Samples
 Simple Random
 Systematic Random
 Stratified
 Cluster
 Multi Stage Cluster
• Non Probability Samples
 Convenience
 Snowball
 Quota
 Judgment
 1.Simple
random
sampling

5.Multi-
2.Startified
stage
sampling
sampling
Probability
sampling

4.Systemetic 3.Cluster
sampling sampling
 Types of sampling
• Probability sampling:-in this method each
members of the population have a known
chance(probability) of being selected. The
inclusion or exclusion of any individual of the
population depends upon the application of
probability and not on personal choice.
1) Simple random sampling:-the probability of being
selected is known and equal for all members of the
population. This sample is collected in such a way that
every item has an equal chance of being included in the
sample. These can be selected by lottery, card, selection,
tippet technique.
2) Stratified sampling:-in this method the population is
divided into strata BEFORE THE SAMPLE Is drawn. strata
are so designed that they don’t overlap each strata has
certain types of elements.
3) Cluster sampling:-its similar to the stratified sampling and
its involves arranging elementary items in a population
into heterogeneous sub groups that are then randomly
selected.
4) Systematic sampling:-in this method every unit is
arranged in a order a unit is selected at each sample
interval (si)which is calculated:-

Sample interval=population size(n)/sample size(m)= n / m

• Multi- stage sampling:-this method refers to a
sampling procedure which is carried out in
several stages.
• Non-probability sampling:-in this method
,each unit of the population as a definite but
unknown probability of being selected. its also
called non-random sampling.

1.Convience
sampling

Non-
4.Snowball 2.Judgement
sampling probability sampling
sampling

3.Quota
sampling
i. Convenience sampling:-samples is drawn at the
convenience of tend to make selection according to
their convenience of collecting data preferably from
known location.

i. Judgement sampling:-this method is also known as

sampling by opinion. It requires to personal
judgement or educated guess on the part of the
interviewer.
ii. Quota sampling:-sampling that sets a specific no. of
certain type of individuals to be interviewed .
iii. Snowball:-also called the referral sample and which is
require respondents to provide the name of
additional respondents having similar characteristics.