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LTE

FUNDAMENTALS
Introduction
Why learn about LTE
Fundamentals
› 30 minutes !
› LTE/EPC Architecture
› LTE Rel 8-10
› LTE Rel 11

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


Scope and Objectives
Objectives

› Give an overview of LTE/EPC architecture &


teminology
› Explain the basics of the LTE radio interface
› Give an overview of the evolution of LTE
Scope

› Key LTE radio access features


› LTE in the future
› How to learn more

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


Agenda
LTE Fundamentals
› LTE/EPC Architecture & Terminology
› Radio interface
› LTE in the future
› Summary
› How to learn more

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


LTE/EPC Architecture
and Terminology
LTE/EPC Architecture and
Terminology

MME EPC GW EPC - Evolved Packet Core


SAE - System Architecture Evolution

eNB
eUTRAN
eNB
eUTRAN - Evolved UTRAN
LTE - Long Term Evolution

EPS – Evolved Packet System


EPS

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


LTE/EPC Architecture
Interfaces
EPC

S1 S1 S1

X2 X2

eNodeB eNodeB eNodeB

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Radio Interface
Key LTE Radio Access
Features
LTE radio access
OFDMA
Downlink: OFDM
Uplink: SC-FDMA SC-FDMA

Advanced antenna solutions


Diversity
Beam-forming TX TX

Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)

Spectrum flexibility
Flexible bandwidth
New and existing bands 1.4 MHz 20 MHz
Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


LTE Radio Access – Downlink
OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

› Large number of 15 kHz sub carriers


› Orthogonal: Other carriers zero at sampling point

f = 15 kHz

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


LTE Radio Access – Uplink
SC-FDMA – Single Carrier FDMA (DFTS-OFDM)

› Pre-coded OFDM
› Similar to OFDM
– 15 kHz tones BUT consecutive
– Same time-domain structure
› Low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


LTE DL Physical Resources

One Scheduling Block


(2 Resource Blocks)
180 kHz and 1 ms

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


Scheduling
Round-robin Max C/I Proportional fair

› Time domain
– Round-robin
– Max C/I
– Proportional fair

› Frequency domain
– Consecutive
– Random
– Measurement based

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


Link Adaptation
Modulation scheme
QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

› Time Domain (/user) OFDM


symbol 2bits 4bits 6bits

– Modulation scheme
– Channel coding
Channel coding

Data Control Data Control

› Frequency Domain (/SB)


– Not that common

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


LTE - FDD

SC-FDMA User 1
User 2
User 3

frequency

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LTE - TDD

Subframe 1ms = 14
OFDM symbols long

GP

Special subframe

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Multi-Antenna Transmission
Examples

Radio channel

MISO (Multiple In Single Out)


eNodeB Beamforming Terminal
device
Transmit diversity

Radio channel

SIMO (Single In Multiple Out)


eNodeB Terminal
Receive diversity
device

Radio channel

MIMO (Multiple In Multiple Out)


eNodeB All above + Terminal
Spatial multiplexing (MIMO) device

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


Multi-Antenna Transmission
LTE implementation

› One, two, or four antenna ports


› Multiple time-frequency grids
› Reference signals for identification

Frequency

Time

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


Spectrum Flexibility

› New and existing bands


› FDD and TDD
› Flexible bandwidth

1.4 MHz: 6 Scheduling Blocks

20 MHz: 100 Scheduling Blocks

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


LTE DL Peak Rate
20 MHz and 4x4 MIMO AND 64 QAM

14 OFDM symbols per 1.0 ms subframe


64QAM = 6 bits per symbol
6 x 14 = 84 bits per 1.0 ms subframe

84bits/1.0ms = 84kbps per subcarrier


12 x 84kbps = 1.008Mbps per Scheduling Block
100 Scheduling Blocks in 20MHz
100 x 1.008Mbps = 100.8Mbps per antenna

4 x 4 MIMO: 403.2Mbps ! …and UL


no MIMO
BUT in reality approx. 300Mbps 75Mbps

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


LTE UE States
Power-up

› 3 UE states (5 in WCDMA)
DETACHED
– Detached
– Connected
– Idle Register
De-register

CONNECTED

Inactive Traffic

IDLE

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Idle Mode Mobility
Area Concept TA list 1
-TA1
-TA2
› 1 area (3 in WCDMA) -TA3

– Tracking area, TA MME


TA2

TA1

TA4
TA3

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


Idle Mode Mobility
Area Concept
TA list 1 TA list 2
-TA1 -TA2
-TA2 -TA3
› 1 area (3 in WCDMA) -TA3 -TA4

– Tracking area, TA MME


TA2

TA Update
TA1 TA Update
confirm

TA4
TA3

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


Connected State Mobility
MME S-GW

Data Forwarding

eNode B eNode B

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


LTE in the future
LTE in the Future – Evolution!

› LTE Advanced study in 3GPP


– Start March 2008
– Release 10 (2011)

› LTE Advanced => LTE 3GPP Rel 10

› Major enhancements
– Higher peak rates
– Relaying solutions

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


LTE 3GPP Rel 10
Higher peak rates 20 MHz

› Carrier aggregation
100 MHz total bandwidth

20 MHz 20 MHz

› Spectrum aggregation
40 MHz total bandwidth

4
› DL/UL Multi-Antenna transmission

Peak rates: 3Gbps/1.5Gbps !


LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24
LTE 3GPP Rel 10
Heterogeneous Networks and Relaying solutions

Macro
cell

Relay

Repeater
Small
cell

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


LTE 3GPP Rel 11
Further Enhancements

Enhancements for
Carrier Aggregation Enhancements
(New band comb., inter-band TDD w. diff. UL-DL) Heterogeneous Deployments
(Larger range expansion for co-channel)

CoMP
(Co-ordinated Multipoint Transmission)
ePDCCH – FDM with data

Downlink Control Channel Enhancements


(To enable CoMP and control channel ICIC)

Improved UE requirements
(IRC receivers)

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


Summary
LTE Fundamentals
OFDMA
› LTE radio access SC-FDMA

TX TX
› Advanced antenna solutions

1.4 MHz 20 MHz


› Spectrum flexibility

› LTE in 3GPP Release 10, 11

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


How to learn more
How To Learn More

› LTE in Product catalog


› Training courses
› LTE/EPC Competence Space
› LTE/EPC Business Tutorials
› MWC2014 in PCAT

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24


LTE in Product Catalog

Link to LTE page


LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24
LTE Training
Instructor lead training – Available now
› LTE Evolution, Advantages in Features and Applications, LZU1087714-R1A, (2 day)
› LTE/SAE System Overview, LZU1087020-R9A, (2 days)
› LTE 14 Air Interface, LZU1089186-R1A (3 days)
› LTE L14 Protocols and Procedures, LZU1089187-R1A, (3 days)
› LTE L14 Functionality, LZU1089188-R1A, (4 days)
› LTE L14 Radio Network Design, LZU1089189-R1A, (2 days)
› LTE L14 eNode B Commissioning, LZU1089190-R1A, (1 day)
› LTE L14 Operation, LZU1089191-R1A, (2 days)
› LTE L14 Configuration, LZU1089192-R1A, (3 days)
› LTE Access Transport Network Dimensioning, LZU1087712-R1A, (1 day)
› KPIs in the LTE/SAE Network, LZU1087713-R1A (2 days)
› LTE L14 Troubleshooting, LZU1089193-R1A, (3 days)
› LTE L14 Performance Management, LZU1089194-R1A, (3 days)
› LTE L14 Initial Tuning, LZU1089195-R1A, (2 days)
› LTE L14 Optimization, LZU1089196R1A, (2 days)

› WEB based training


› LTE/SAE in a Nutshell, LZU1087417-R1A, 1 hour
› LTE/SAE System Overview, LZU1087318-R1A, 3 hours

All courses found at this link

LTE/EPC Competence Space


LTE/EPC Business Tutorials
MWC2010 in PCAT

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2014-03-24

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