Chapter 2

I. Why the English Came

 A. Why They
Came

• Riches
• Opportunity to own land
• Headrights
• Indenture
 A. Why They
Came

• Political freedom
• Religious freedom
• Adventure
II. English Settlements
Made Permanent
 A. Settlements
• Joint-stock companies
• London Company
• Plymouth Company
 B. Jamestown

• Arrived May, 1607

• Many died in the first years
• Illness and disease
• Attacks by Indians
 B. Jamestown

• Powhatan
• Pocahontas
• John Smith
• Enforced discipline
• “Starving time”
 C. 1619

• Formation of House of Burgesses

• First of its kind in the New World
 C. 1619

• Arrival of first African slaves in

the colony
 D. Indian Relations

• Opechancanough led attack on

Good Friday morning, 1622
• 347 killed
• Virginians got revenge
 E. Type of Colonies

• Charter colony
• Governed by a trade company
• Most independent
 E. Type of Colonies

• Proprietary colony
• King appointed proprietor(s) to
govern colony
 E. Type of Colonies

• Royal colony
• Controlled directly by the Crown
• King & his councilors appointed
governor
III. The New
England Colonies
 A. Massachusetts

• Pilgrims
• Mayflower
• Separatists
• Puritans were a different group
 A. Massachusetts

• Pilgrims
• William Bradford
• Original destination was
Virginia
 A. Massachusetts

• Mayflower Compact
• First document of self-government
of its kind in America
• Of Plymouth Plantation
 A. Massachusetts

• Pilgrims’ first winter was

devastating
• Squanto and Samoset
• Colony grew
 A. Massachusetts

• Puritans
• Great Migration: Large, well-
organized, and well-financed
• Towns sprouted quickly
 A. Massachusetts

• Puritans
• John Winthrop
• “City on a hill”
• “Covenant”
• Harvard College
 A. Massachusetts

• Puritans
• Later generations did not
maintain the spiritual covenant
• Organized development
 B. Connecticut

• Thomas Hooker
• Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut
• First written constitution in
America
 B. Connecticut

• More democratic than Massachusetts

• Eventually united under royal charter
• Indian threat
• Pequots
 C. Rhode Island

• Roger Williams
• “Pure” church
• Key figure in development of
modern conception of religious
liberty
 C. Rhode Island

• Anne Hutchinson
• Antinomianism
• Banished from Massachusetts
• Portsmouth
 D. New Hampshire

• Did not become separate colony

until 1679
IV. The Middle Colonies
 A. New York

• Began as Dutch settlement

• Henry Hudson
• Patroon system
• Ultimately failed
 A. New York

• Conquered by English under

James, duke of York
 B. New Jersey

• First settled by Swedes and Dutch

• Originally East and West Jersey
• Eventually controlled by Quakers
 C. Pennsylvania

• William Penn
• Quakers
• Beliefs
• Received proprietorship from Charles II
 C. Pennsylvania

• “Holy Experiment”
• Frame of Government
• Became a diverse society
 D. Delaware
• Checkered history of ownership
• Dutch
• Swedish
• English
• William Penn
• Log cabin
V. The Southern Colonies
A. Maryland

• Motives:
• Refuge for English Catholics
• Commercial success
 A. Maryland
• Toleration Act of 1649
• Protestants outnumbered Catholics
 B. The
Carolinas

• For decades, a place of drifters,

desperadoes, and pirates
• Charles Town
 C. Georgia

• Purposes:
• Military buffer against Spanish
• Colony for debtors and vagrants
• James Oglethorpe
• Grew rapidly
 D. Emerging American

1. America’s thirteen colonies

reflected their British heritage as
well as their own upbringing.
 D. Emerging American

2. Isolation strengthened their

love of freedom and encouraged
their individualism.
 D. Emerging American

3. A stubborn streak of independence

and a firm commitment to equality
also ran through the colonies.
 D. Emerging American

4. They believed it was only right

to have their own legislatures.