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 O


` Is the process of measuring volumes of air

that move into and out of the respiratory
system.
 O


` Is the device that is used to measure

these pulmonary volumes
` Measurements of the respiratory volumes
can provide information about the health
of the lungs.
O

 ×
  

` îidal Volume
` Inspiratory Reserve Volume
` Expiratory Reserve Volume
` Residual Volume
 î
  

` Is the volume of air inspired and expired

with each breath
` At rest, quiet breathing results in a tidal
volume of about 500 milliliters (mL).
 
   

` Is the amount of air that can be inspired

forcefully after inspiration of the resting
tidal volume (about 3000 mL).
 
   

` Is the amount of air that can be expired

forcefully after expiration of the resting
tidal volume (about 1100 mL)
 
  

` Is the volume of air still remaining in the

respiratory passages and lungs after
maximum expiration (about 1200 mL)
` îhe tidal volume increases when a person
is more active. Because the maximum
volume of the respiratory system does not
change from moment to moment, the
increase in the tidal volume causes a
decrease in the inspiratory and expiratory
reserve volumes.
Lung Volumes and Lung Capacities

   


` Is the sum of two or more pulmonary

volumes
Examples:
` Functional Residual Capacity

` Inspiratory Capacity

` Vital Capacity

` îotal Lung Capacity

 ×
  
   


` Is the expiratory reserve volume plus the

residual volume, which is the amount of
air remaining in the lungs at the end of a
normal expiration (about 2300 mL at rest)
 
   


` Is the tidal volume plus the inspiratory

reserve volume, which is the amount of air
that a person can inspire maximally after a
normal expiration (about 3500 mL at rest)
 
   


` Is the sum of the inspiratory reserve

volume, the tidal volume and the
expiratory reserve volume
` It is the maximum volume of air that a
person can expel from his respiratory tract
after a maximum inspiration (about 4600
mL)
 î    


` Is the sum of the inspiratory and

expiratory reserves and the tidal and
residual volumes (about 5800 mL).
` îhe total lung capacity is also equal to the
vital capacity plus the residual volume.
 Formulas
Capacity Formula
Vital Capacity (VC) îV + IRV + ERV

Inspiratory Capacity (IC) îV + IRV

Functional Residual ERV + RV

Capacity

îotal Lung Capacity îV + IRV + ER + VRV

(îLC)
 × 

 
 

` Oex
` Age
` Body Oize
× 
  
   


` Is the rate at which lung volume changes during

direct measurement of the vital capacity
` It is a simple and clinically important pulmonary
test
` How is it done?
îhe individual inspires maximally and tehn
exhales maximally and as rapidly as possible into
a spirometer. îhen, the spirometer records the
volume of air expired per second.
` îhis test can be used to help identify
conditions in which the vital capacity
might not be affected, but in which the
expiratory flow rate is reduced.

` Abnomalities that increase the resistance

to airflow slow the rate at which air can be
forced out of the lungs.