Introduction to Pipe

PIPE
Definition: A long tube or hollow
body used for conveying a flowing
substance or transmitting pressure.
History:
1. Earliest pipe on record is bamboo.
2. As man progressed he used a hollow
log.
3. First metal pipe was bronze.
4. Pompeii records they used metal plug
valves.
 MATERIALS
Common materials used in the fabrication of pipe:

Carbon Steel: the most common

Alloys:
•Stainless Steel
•Aluminum
•Chrome
•Nickel
•Incoloy
 Grades of Carbon Steel
There are various grades of Carbon Steel.
Grade designates the amount of carbon
content in the steel:

Example:
Grade “A” has a lower tensile strength than
Grade “B” because the carbon content is less.
 METHODS OF
MANUFACTURING PIPE
Flat plate is twisted
to form a pipe and
then the seam is
welded
SPIRAL WELDED PIPE
Flat plate is rolled and a
straight longitudinal
weld connects the ends of
the rolled plate
ROLLED & WELDED PIPE

Formed in one piece

with no welds

SEAMLESS PIPE
 PIPE SIZE

Industry will refer to pipe sizes by:

Nominal diameter
Actual Outside diameter
 PIPE SIZE
NOMINAL SIZE: Pertains to calling the pipe size by name only.
Example: 2”, 3” 4”, 6”, 8”, 12”, etc.
OUTSIDE DIAMETER OR “O.D.”: Pertaining to the actual O.D.
(outside diameter) of a pipe.
EXAMPLE:
NOMINAL O.D.
1” 1 5/16”
2” 2 3/8”
3” 3 1/2”
4” 4 1/2”
12” 12 3/4”
14” 14”
WALL THICKNESS: Pertains to the thickness of the pipe wall.
A. O.D. is constant
B. I.D. will vary
EXAMPLE: Nominal Schedule Wall Thickness I.D.
8” STD. WT. .322 7.981
8” SCH. 80 .500 7.625
8” SCH. 120 .719 7.187
8” XX STRONG .875 6.875
 DIMENSION CHART
(FLUOR STANDARD: 000 250SIZES
PIPE 9810)NOT
COMMONLY USED IN
NOTE: PIPING ARE:
REFINERY
Nominal pipe1/size
8”
and Actual O.D.1/ are
4”
different 3/ 8”
1 1/ 4”
only up through 12”.
2 1/ 2”
14” and larger pipe
3 1/ 2”
nominal and actual5” O.D.
are the same.
 WALL THICKNESS
PIPE is manufactured with different
wall thickness. Wall Thickness is based
on:
Pressure
Temperature
Type of commodity being transmitted.

Example: Higher pressure = thicker

pipe walls.
 ANSI STANDARD B36.10
NOM CARBON AND ALLOY STEELS NOM. STAINLESS STEELS
ANSI STANDARD B36.10 ANSI STANDARD B36.19
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE GIVEN IN MILLIMETRES) SIZE (ALL DIMENSIONS ARE GIVEN IN mm)
PIPE
SCH. SCH SCH STD. SCH SCH XS SCH SCH SCH SCH SCH XXS PIPE SCH. SCH. SCH. SCH.
SIZE 10 20. 30. 40. 60. 80. 100. 120. 140. 160. (mm) O.D. 5S 10S 40S 80S
(mm) O.D. 6 10.29 1.24 1.73 2.41
6 10.29 1.73 1.73 2.41 2.41 8 13.72 1.65 2.24 3.02
8 13.75 2.24 2.24 3.02 3.02 10 17.15 1.65 2.31 3.20
10 17.15 2.31 2.31 3.20 3.20 15 21.34 1.65 2.11 2.77 3.73
15 21.34 2.77 2.77 3.73 3.73 4.78 7.47 20 26.67 1.65 2.11 2.87 3.91
20 26.67 2.87 2.87 3.91 3.91 5.56 7.82 25 33.40 1.65 2.77 3.38 4.55
25 33.40 3.38 3.38 4.55 4.55 6.35 9.09 32 42.16 1.65 2.77 3.56 4.85
32 42.16 3.56 3.56 4.85 4.85 6.35 9.70
40 48.26 1.65 2.77 3.68 5.08
40 48.26 3.68 3.68 5.08 5.08 7.14 10.16
50 60.33 1.65 2.77 3.91 5.54
50 60.33 3.91 3.91 5.54 5.54 8.74 11.07
65 73.03 2.11 3.05 5.16 7.01
65 73.03 5.16 5.16 7.01 7.01 9.53 14.02
80 88.90 2.11 3.05 5.49 7.62
80 88.90 5.49 5.49 7.62 7.62 11.13 15.24
90 101.60 2.11 3.05 5.74 8.08
90 101.60 5.74 5.74 8.08 8.08
100 114.30 2.11 3.05 6.02 8.56
100 114.30 6.02 6.02 8.56 8.56 11.13 13.49 17.12
125 141.30 2.77 3.40 6.55 9.53
125
150
141.30
168.28
6.55
7.11
6.55
7.11
9.53
10.97
9.53
10.97
12.70
14.27 O.D. STAYS CONSTANT
15.88
18.26
19.05
21.95
150

200
168.28

219.08
2.77

2.77
3.40

3.76
7.11

8.18
10.97

12.70
200
250
219.08
273.05
6.35
6.35
7.04
7.80
8.18
9.27
8.18
9.27
10.31
12.70
12.70
12.70
12.70
15.09
15.09
18.26
18.26
21.44
20.62
25.40
WHILE
23.01
28.58
22.23
25.40
250

300
273.05

323.85
3.40

3.96
4.19

4.57
9.27

9.53
12.70

12.70
300
350
323.85
355.60 6.35
6.35
7.92
8.38
9.53
9.53
9.53
10.31
11.13
14.27
15.09
12.70
12.70
17.48
19.05
21.44
23.83
25.40
27.79
28.58
31.75
I.D. VARIES
33.32
35.71
25.40
350

400
355.60

406.40
3.96

4.19
4.78

4.78
400 406.40 6.35 7.92 9.53 9.53 12.70 16.66 12.70 21.44 26.19 30.96 36.53 40.49
450 457.20 4.19 4.78
450 457.20 6.35 7.92 11.13 9.53 14.27 19.05 12.70 23.83 28.36 34.93 39.67 45.24
500 508.00 4.78 5.54
500 508.00 6.35 9.53 12.70 9.53 15.09 20.62 12.70 26.19 32.54 38.10 44.45 50.01
550 558.80 4.78 5.54
550 558.80 6.35 9.53 12.70 9.53 22.23 12.70 28.58 34.93 41.28 47.63 53.98
600 609.60 5.54 6.35
600 609.60 6.35 9.53 14.27 9.53 17.48 24.61 12.70 30.96 38.89 46.02 52.37 59.54
650 660.40
650 660.40 7.92 12.70 9.53 12.70
700 711.20
700 711.20 7.92 12.70 15.88 9.53 12.70
750 762.00 6.35 7.92
750 762.00 7.92 12.70 15.88 9.53 12.70
800 812.80
800 812.80 7.92 12.70 15.88 9.53 17.48 12.70
850 863.60
850 863.60 7.92 12.70 15.88 9.53 17.48 12.70
900 914.40
900 914.40 7.92 12.70 15.88 9.53 19.05 12.70
 TAYLOR FORGE
PIPE & FITTING CHART
 PIPE END FACINGS
PIPE END PREPARATION
The end of a pipe is prepared differently according to what method will be used to join the pipe
and/or fittings together.
(1) A beveled end (BE) is used when the join will be made by welding.
(2) A threaded end (TE) is used when specifications call for screwed connections (sometimes
called threaded and coupled or T&C)
(3) A plain end (PE) is used with socket weld fittings which are then welded around the outside.
 PIPING PLAN

NOTE: Do not indicate buttwelds on straight random

lengths of pipe on drawings.
PIPING ISOMETRIC
 RANDOM LENGTHS
Random length of pipe is the length by
which a manufacturer will produce pipe
for easy storage and handling.

Single random length…….16’-0” to 22’-0”

Double random length………. 35’-0”
 SHOP FAB & FIELD FAB
Shop fab :  Pipe and other components are put
together into shippable pieces, in a
shop setting.
Normally 3” and larger butt
welded material.
 Any special pipe. Ex: SS, monel,
etc., regardless of size.
Field fab :  Piping material that are assembled in
the field.
 Normally 2” and smaller, screwed
and/or socketweld carbon steel pipe.
 FIELD WELDS
Field welds are shown
where shop fab iso’s are
assembled in the field