CYLINDER SEQUENCING

Presented by:
Joshi Vivek
CONTENTS:
 What is Cylinder Sequencing?
 Sequencing Circuit
 Why is it to be done?
 How can it be controlled?
 PLC Programming
 Cascading
 Control Valves
INTRODUCTION:
 Sequence in an engine is the order in which power is
produced. This is known as firing order. Here the firing order
resembles only the power stroke. But in cylinder sequencing
it not only represents power stroke but also it gives
information about the order in which the piston reciprocates
in their respective cylinders. It tells about the sequence of
operations either extension or retraction occurring in an
engine.

 Besides automobile(engine) this can also be applied in various

fields like industrial robotics(robotic arm-pick and place
mechanisms)
 This cylinder sequencing can be explained in the form of a
circuit called sequencing circuit.

 Sequencing circuit is a system comprising of an inter

connected set of discrete components that transmit power
using various power sources like hydraulics and pneumatics.
HYDRAULICS
 It is confined pressurized system that uses moving liquids.
Liquids are not very compressible, there is no delay in the
movement.

 COMPONENTS:
 Hydraulic Fluid-liquid inside the system.
 Cylinder-container holding liquid.
 Piston-plunger moving inside the cylinder.
 Pumps-moves liquid in specified direction.
 Valves-controls the flow, direction and pressure.
 Example : blood flow in the body, hydraulic lift to lift cars
and so on.
PNEUMATICS
 It is confined pressurized system that uses moving air or
other gases.
 As gases can be compressed there exists a delay in the
movement.
 Hence there is a definite need of compressor here.
 All the components are common as hydraulics and the only
thing is that we don’t use a pump in pneumatics.
 Example: lungs, pneumatic brakes.
 Before discussing about cylindrical sequencing we need to know
about the components or elements present in hydraulics and
pneumatics. they are:
1. pumps
2.motors
3. accumulators
4.actuators
5.control valves
1.pumps: used to drive the fluid from the reservoir
A hydraulic pump is a mechanical source of power that
converts mechanical power into hydraulic energy. It generates
flow with enough power to overcome pressure induced by the load
at the pump outlet.
 2. motor:
A motor is a mechanical actuator that converts pressure
and flow into torque and angular displacement
Hydraulic motors are used in any application requiring
rotational force, also known as torque
 3.Accumulator:
A hydraulic accumulator is a pressure storage reservoir
in which a non-compressible hydraulic fluid is held under
pressure that is applied by an external source. The external source
can be a spring, a raised weight, or a compressed gas.
Now we have to discuss about main elements used in
cylindrical sequencing operations, they are:
4.DCV
5.ACTUATORS
 4. ACTUATORS: Actuators are mechanical or electro-mechanical
devices that provide controlled and sometimes limited movements or
positioning which are operated electrically, manually, or by various
fluids such as air, hydraulic, etc. Two basic motions are linear and
rotary, Semi-rotary actuators
 Types of Hydraulic Cylinders:
 1. Single-acting cylinders.
2.Double-acting cylinders.
 1. Single-Acting Cylinders:
 It consists of a piston inside a cylindrical housing called barrel.
 On one end of the piston there is a rod(used for extension).
 In single-acting cylinders, retraction is done either by gravity or by a
spring.
 Double acting cylinders :
To extend the cylinder, the pump flow is
sent to the blank-end port .The fluid from the rod-end port returns
to the reservoir. To retract the cylinder, the pump flow is sent to the
rod-end port and the fluid from the blank-end port returns to the
tank
 5.control valves:
A control valve is a valve used to control fluid
flow by varying the size of the flow passage as directed by a signal
from a controller
 Types of control valves:
a. direction control valves
b. flow control valves
c. pressure control valves
A . Direction
control
valves
 These dcv’s are actuated by:
 B. FLOW CONTROL VALVES:

C.PRESSURE CONTROL VALVES:

 Cylinder sequencing can be explained in two ways:

1.using PLC

2. by CASCADING method
 Now we will discuss about PLC

 PLC: PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS

 PLC is a digital electronic device
 It uses a programmable memory to store instructions and to implement
functions such as logic, sequencing , timing , counting and arthematic in
order to control machines.
 Components required: 1.ladders, 2. rung,3. normally open contact
,4.normally closed contact ,5.coil co
 There are often control situations where sequences of outputs are
required, with the switch from one output to another being controlled by
sensors.
 Consider the requirement for a ladder program for a pneumatic system
with double-solenoid valves controlling two double-acting cylinders A and
B if limit switches a2, a1, b2, b1 are used to detect the limits of the piston
rod movements in the cylinders and the cylinder activation sequence A1,
B1, A2, B2 is required. A possible program is shown in the figure. A start
switch input has been included in the first rung. Thus cylinder extension
for A, i.e. the solenoid A1 energised, only occurs when the start switch is
closed and the b2 switch is closed, this switch indicating that the B
cylinder is retracted. When cylinder A is extended, the switch a1, which
indicates the extension of A, is activated. This then leads to an output to
solenoid B1 which results in B extending. This closes the switch indicating
the extension of B, i.e. the b1 switch, and leads to the output to solenoid
A2 and the retraction of cylinder A. This retraction closes limit switch a2
and so gives the output to solenoid B2 which results in B retracting. This
concludes the program cycle and leads to the first rung again, which
awaits the closure of the start switch before being repeated.
REFERENCES:
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112106175/Module%204/Lecture
%2040.pdf
 http://www.scielo.br/pdf/jbsmse/v28n1/28261.pdf
 https://www.scribd.com/document/323067526/W-Bolton-
Mechatronics
 http://engineering.nyu.edu/gk12/amps-
cbri/pdf/Intro%20to%20Mechatronics.pdf
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_valve
 https://www.google.co.in/search?q=cylinder+sequencing+in+
mechatronics&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=2ah
UKEwi2o7DV5_TcAhUYbn0KHc3sAi0QsAR6BAgCEAE&biw=
1242&bih=602#imgrc=FWVifDz-13-dmM:
THANK YOU