Management Information Systems

AGENDA
What is management information systems
(the social view)
General system theory(GST) (New Scientific
language, shared structure): Fundamental
concepts (cybernetic models)
Management system
Information system
Hardware system
Software system
Communicational System
OVERALL VIEW: Development Process
Information systems development
methodology (Structured Approach)
(philosophy), evolutionary development of
Information Systems, analysis &synthesis
System Analysis & Design (structured
approach, decomposition)
Organization Structure
Business function diagram
Data flow diagram
Entity-Attribute Model
Relational Model
The structured approach as the
systemic process of ‘organized
science’ that its methodology
attains the best results in terms of
quality, sustainability and
globalization
ORGANIZATIONAL VIEW
Decision making process as central
nerve of Management functions
Decision making representing the
whole process of management
(decomposed)
GST as a psychological cybernetic
phenomenon, materialism versus
ISLAM
Decision making as a system on its own
right (emergent model) the structuredness
of problems to be solved i.e. representing
systemic reality
Organizational functions (Business
functions)
GST as organizational theory
GST as organizational phenomenon
Organizational cybernetic
Organizational analysis
Organizational action
DECISION MAKING CYBERNETIC VIEW
Decision making Simon Model
(traditional linear approach,
mechanistic)
Decision making theory (cybernetic
theory)
Strategic information systems
Internal and external environment
 Boundaries and bounded rationality
Strengths and weaknesses
Opportunities and threats
Interpretation of the GST model
compared with the mechanistic one as a
psychological validity approach
 GST as a Structural Instrument of
Change (Psychological change)
Isomophoric change
Cultural change (cultural psychology)
Organizational change process
Information system development as a
change process to culminate into So.Ch.
Resistance to change counter strategy
 GST and natural Perfection
GST as the Perfect Identity Model
GST as the Perfect Organizational
Model i.e. mitigating distortions
GST as a Perfect strategic model &M.
Mechanistic, linear and models as
psychologically-invalid approach reflects
GST and Sustainable business act.
GST and Predictability and Judgment
GST and Excellence models universality
GST and learning and learning to learn
GST as the competitive Business model
that differentiates products and services
and optimizes business actions and
 GST and Perfection and Governance
GST Philosophy and corporate and
institutional Governance
GST and Management & “control”
GST and Total quality and continuous
enhancement and “accountability”
GST and Project Managemet instrumen
PROCESS VIEW

Business process re-engineering and

process redesign

Restructuring process (modeling

process)

Total quality and Information systems

‘Structure and process’ means

‘cybernetic and system’ duality
Information systems as a viable model
for all disciplines to follow (GST as
information theory and science theory”

Systemizing business disciplines

System and information system

(inseparable, dual structure)

GST as mind and learning theory

Information Systems Functions

Communication and control

Organizational governance and hence

support action in an optimal way

Providing technological systemic edge to

support and frame systemic and creates
conducive organizational environment
Organizational functions, managerial
functions and the central and pivotal
role of information

Information, science, knowledge ,

informatics and model are systemic
phenomenon associated with
cybernetic structure and business
process management
 Management systems and
Information systems are the requisite
standard model for undergraduate and
postgraduate business education

Information is critical to
organizational success, viability and
development , evolution and critical for
Information systems Planning and
Organization ( Nolan and Earl
methodology)

Information systems and the requisite

Law of variety

Information systems and creation of

new varieties

Information systems and management

GLOBAL VIEW
Information systems and globalization & WO
(transfer of system science and theory, tech.)
Worldwide web phenomenon methodology of
development
World TV channels and programs(information
phenomenon)
World-wide institutions and organizations
(global phenomenon)
World Economic Forum (rethinking economic
and financial theories, converted into GST-
based theories e.g. Davos 2016)
Internet as the global information
system, changing business model
Internet as world business context
( world business transactions)
Information systems and other
disciplines (model) chicken and egg.
Relationship between information and
science and world view.
Relationship between system technolo
and globalization. World class
CONVERGENCE VIEW
Relationship between system science and
learning and intelligence (psychological)
Relationship between system science and
media and information
Relationship between system science and
education (emergent GST model)
Relationship between system science and
signs of the day of Judgment
The system approach as the main
instrument for studying management
information systems (holistic view)
 Enterprise Applications
(technologically-based)
Enterprise Resource planning systems
(GST)
Data ware house system (GST)
STRUCTURED VIEW of the GST
Structured approach as the sole universal
and unified modeling language
Structured analysis, structured design, and
structured programming
Structured versus object-oriented i.e. Islam
and hence nature versus materialism and
mechanism
Holistic, integrated versus linear and partial
approach
GST versus General relativity theory
 System theory versus other physical theories
(fragmented, linear and partial)
The emergence of GOD’S particle and GRV. wave
Management Information systems historical view,
transaction processing system, management
information system, executive Information
decision support systems.
System model, viable, global, sustainable, learning
and research-driven
 Standardization, Integration, unification, and
total quality
GST as a Unifier (Sociology, Technology,
Information and Methodology) for practicing MIS
MIS PROJECT VIEW (GST-based
project)
Analysis phase (responding to an
organizational problem)
Design phase (data base +reports)
Implementation phase (Access)
Generation of queries & systemic
reports and interpretation of
information contained in the tables
and charts to overview systemic reality
Transfer of queries to Excel (simple mathematical
calculations e.g. totals, ratios, percentages, means
and variances….etc) and construct charts (normal
and systemic chart models)
Managerial phase (full systemic report in Word
about the nature of the problem and how it arises
and how you respond to resolve it via the process
analysis and data-based solution)
The interpretation is based upon GST
phenomenon the Grounded theory and hence a
whole paradigm of ISLAM, encompassing both
science and information, is emerging and
 A power point presentation must be carefully
organized & crafted to reflect systemicity
MODELING VIEW

System model and synergistic behavior

System model and psychological
validity (soul, brain, heart and psyche)
System model as appropriate
technology for Islamic societal
contexts and GOOD Governance
Information systems as a formal and
strict systemic approach for good
Information systems and system model as
requisite and natural organization
structures (enlightening instrument
simulating eye, brain and the Sun
structure)
FUNCTIONAL VIEW
Sales and marketing information
systems: systems that identify customers
for the firm’s products or services to meet
customers’ needs, promote these products
and services, sell the products and services,
and provide on-going customer support.
CONT. Functional view
Manufacturing and production
information system:
systems that deal with planning,
development, and production of product
and services, and with controlling the flow
of production.
Finance and accounting information
systems:
Systems that keep track of the firm’s
financial assets and fund flows
Human resource (social resource)
information systems:
Systems that maintains employee
records, track employee skills, job
performance, and training; and support
planning for employee compensation
and career development
Social system, management cybernetic,
model, psychology and information are
natural ISLAMIC ORDER that ought to
be implemented and hence obeyed
ENTERPRISE VIEW
Enterprise applications systems that can
co-ordinate activities, decisions, and
knowledge across many different
functions, levels, and business units in a
firm.
The underlying theory and philosophy
of the ERP system is the GST i.e.
integration between business’s and
information’s and technological activities’
e.g. SAP (systems Applications and
Products in data processing)
Enterprise systems can integrate the
key business processes of an entire firm
into a single software system that
allows information to flow seamlessly
throughout the organization. These
systems focus primarily on internal
processes but may include transactions
with vendors and customers. (see
figure 2-14).
This is the Universal system approach
(GST)
Supply chain management
close linkage and coordination of
activities involved in buying, making
and moving a product.
Supply chain
Network of organizations and business
processes for procuring materials,
transforming raw materials into
intermediate and finished products, and
distributing the finished products to
customers.
Business and management model view
Collaborative commerce
The use of digital technologies to enable
multiple organizations to collaboratively
design, develop, build, and manage
products through their life cycle. (see
figure 2-16).
This a form of using a Unified software
model or language that can integrate
the whole business industry
Classical model of management
(Management theory)
Description of management that focuses on
its formal functions of planning,
organizing, coordinating, deciding and
controlling (cybernetic management and
organization)
Managerial roles
Informational, decisional and interpersonal
All the roles are connected with
information systems’ function
STRATEGIC VIEW
Strategic decisions, managerial control
and operational control
Structured, semi structured and
unstructured decisions
Simon model
Intelligence, design, choice and
implementation compatible with
Newtonian materialistic and
mechanistic approach, first order
Emergent systemic model
Intelligence, design, choice, evaluation
and implementation (valid for all
decision problems and across
disciplines) as a requisitely structured
approach to chase ill-structured,
wicked and messy types of business
problems i.e. second order
The emergent systemic model and
continuous learning and enhancement
CYBERNETIC MODEL VIEW
Cybernetic model elaboration
(Institutionalizing and contextualizing
decision making process)
Organization of the decision making
elements (decision analysis)
What is meant by intelligence
What is meant by design
What is meant by evaluation
What is meant by choice (preparation
across elements)
Implementation and circularity
Value chain model
Value activities, Primary activities,
Support activities, GST and strategy and
tactics, information systems-based
activities and added value
The system approach and value added
The system approach and information
systems and total quality and sustainable
competitiveness (Michael Porter)
Value web
Customer-driven network of
independent firms who use
information technology to coordinate
their value chains to collectively
produce a product or service for the
market. (see figure 3-12).
Porter’s competitive forces model (See
figure 3-15).
Enterprise software (GST concepts in
action)
Set of integrated modules for
applications such as sales and
distribution, financial accounting,
investment management, materials
management, production planning,
plant maintenance, and human
resources that allow data to be used by
multiple functions and business
processes.
DATABASE VIEW
A collection of data organized (GST) to
service many applications at the same
time by storing and managing data so
that they appear to be on one location.
Database management system (DBMS)
Special software to create and maintain a
database and enable individual
business applications to extract the
data they need without having to create
separate files or data definitions in
their computer programs.
Structured Query language (SQL)
The standard data manipulation language
for relational database management
systems. (part of GST i.e. Structured)
Relational DBMS
A type of logical database model that treats
data as if they were in two dimensional
tables. It can relate data stored in one
table to data in another as long as the two
tables share a common data element.
(integrated and integral i.e. GST)
Entity-relationship diagram
A methodology (philosophy) for
documenting databases illustrating the
relationship between various entities in
the database (structured approach).
Normalization (Big Bang –based)
The process of creating small stable data
structures (decomposition, GST)
from complex groups of data when
designing a relational database.
Data warehouse (Big crunch theory-
based)
A database, with reporting and query
tools, that stores current and historical
data extracted from various operational
systems and consolidated for
management reporting and analysis.
(based upon GST)
The use of charts and diagrams to
support management and managerial
functions
Open systems Interconnect (OSI)
International system model for linking
different types of computers and
networks, openness as a systemic
culture (GST). Born out of ISO (GST)
Model(GST-based)
An abstract representation that
illustrates the components or
relationship of a phenomenon (Man
(MUSLIMS)as a Model for ALLAH
(SWT))
Information systems plan redefined
The rationale, the current situation, the
management strategy, the
implementation plan, and the budget
(business plan redefined)
Communication system and GST –based
network topology
Communication system and the
emergence of E-revolution
Enterprise analysis
Analysis of organization wide
information requirements that examines
the entire organization in terms of
organizational units, functions,
processes, and data elements, helps
identify key entities and attributes in the
organization data.
Business Analysis as the requisite and
optimal instrument for optimal software
development and design (GST)
Critical success factors
Small numbers of easily identifiable
operational goals shaped by the industry,
the firm, the manager, the broader
environment that are believed to assure the
success of an organization. Used to
determine the success of an organization.
It determines the organizational
requirement of an organization
The structured approach as the optimal
software engineering methodology (GST)
Automation
Using the computer to speed up the
performance of existing tasks.(viability)
Rationalization of procedures
The streamlining of standard operating
procedures (GST), eliminating obvious
bottlenecks, so that automations makes
operating procedures more efficient.
Business process re-engineering (new
paradigm)
The radical redesign of business processes,
combing steps to cut waste and
eliminating repetitive, paper intensive
tasks in order to improve cost, quality, and
service, and to maximize the benefits of
information technology i.e. systemizing
business procedures (full application of
GST, philosophical shift). This means a
new order – cybernetically-based - is in the
making both locally and globally
PARADIGM SHIFT VIEW (GST)
Radical reconceptualization of the
nature of the business model and the
nature of the organization form. New
order to be adopted
Work flow management
The process of streamlining business
procedures so that documents can be
moved easily and efficiently from one
location to another and hence
abolishing the outdated mechanistic
model that reflects sheer mental
Total quality management (GST-based)
 A concept that shifts from quality control to
total quality, responsibility to be shared by all
people in organization. Standardizing
(systemizing) and integrating all aspects of
management and Engineering to form
complex whole
i.e. perfection of the procedures to attain best
quality and hence associated with continuous
enhancement ( a religious necessity and
endeavor)
Knowledge management systems GST as K.
Theory
Six sigma as quality standard
A specific measure of quality,
representing 3.4 defects per million
opportunities, used to designate a set of
methodologies and techniques for
improving quality and reducing cost.
Benchmarking
Setting strict standards for products,
services, or activities and measuring
organizational performance against
those standards (GST as benchmark)
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT VIEW
 The activities that go into producing an information
systems solution to an organizational problem or
opportunity (new methodology based upon sound
theory, GST) following the structured approach
Systems analysis
 The analysis of a problem that the organization will try
to solve with an information system(decomposition,
GST) structured approach
Feasibility study
 As part of the system analysis process, the way to
determine whether the solution is achievable, given the
organization’s resources and constraints and weighing
costs against benefits
FEASIBILITY REDEFINED (GST)
 Organizational feasibility

 Technical feasibility

 Economic feasibility

 Financial feasibility

 Social feasibility (the core factor)

Information requirement
 A detailed statement of the information needs that
a new system must satisfy, identifies who needs
what information, and when, where, and how the
information is needed.
Systems design (GST based) structured
approach in action
 Details how a system will meet the information
requirements as determined by the system analysis
Implementation (different versions)
 Parallel strategy, direct cutover, pilot study, phased
approach, documentation and production (GST)
 POST-IMPLEMENTATION REVIEW
Formal review process conducted after a
system has been placed in production to
determine how well the system has met its
original objectives.
 Maintenance
Changes in hardware, software, information
documentation, or procedures to a production
system to correct errors, meet new
requirements, or improve processing efficiency
Systems life cycle and project life cycle
 A traditional (methodology) for developing an
information system that partitions the system
development process into formal stages that must
be completed sequentially with a very formal
division of labor between end users and
information systems specialists (GST modified)
Prototyping
 The process of building an experimental system
quickly and inexpensively for demonstration and
evaluation so that the users can better determine
information requirement
Prototype
 The preliminary working version of an information
system for demonstration and evaluation purposes
Iterative
 A process of repeating over and over again the steps
to build a system (evolutionary systemic approach)
Customization
 A detailed list of questions submitted to vendors of
software and other services to determine how well
the vendor’s product can meet the organization’s
specific requirements
CHANGE VIEW: Social change
Implementation and change
 All organizational activities working towards
the adoption, management, and
routinization of an innovation (GST)
Change agent (IS specialist)
 In the context of implementation, the
individuals acting as the catalyst during the
change process to ensure successful
organizational adaptation to a new system or
innovation
User-designer communication gap
 The difference in backgrounds, interests, and priorities
that impede communication and problem solving
among end users and information systems specialists.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT VIEW : GST -BASED
Internal integration tools
 Project management technique that ensures that the
implementation team operates as a cohesive unit
(GST-based)
Formal planning tools (SYSTEMICALLY
REDEFINED)
 Project management techniques that structures and
sequences tasks, budgeting time, money, and
technical resources required to complete the tasks
Formal control tools
 Project management technique that helps monitor the
progress towards completion of a task and fulfillment
towards goals
External integration tools
 Project management technique that links the work of
implementation team to that of the users at all
organizational levels
Counter implementation
 A deliberate strategy to thwart the implementation of
an information system or an innovation in an
organization
Organizational impact analysis
 Study of the way a proposed system will affect
organizational structure, attitudes, decision making
and operations (overall impact of GST)
Socio-technical design (GST) as appropriate tool
 Design to produce information systems that blend
technical efficiency with sensitivity to
organizational and human needs
Development methodology (GST based)
 A collection of methods for every activity within
every phase of a development project
Structured (GST)
 Refers to the fact that techniques are carefully
drawn up, step by step, with each step building
on a previous one, a philosophy of radical
change and socially driven.
Structured analysis
 A method for defining system inputs,
processes, and outputs, controls and storage
and for partitioning systems into subsystems or
modules that show a logical graphic model of
information flow (GST approach)
SYSTEMIC INSTRUMENTS
Data flow diagrams
 Primary tool for structured analysis that graphically
illustrates a system component processes and the flow
of data between them
Process specification
 Describe the logic of the processes occurring within the
lowest levels of a data flow diagram
Structured design
 Software or data design discipline encompassing a set
of design rules and techniques for designing systems
from the top-down in hierarchical fashion
UNIVERSAL VIEW
Unified and Universal modeling language (UML)
GST type of language that can be applied any time any where
any under any circumstances
Resource allocation
 The determination of how costs, time and personnel are
assigned to different phases of a system development project
Global culture (GST –BASED)
 The development of common expectations, shared artifacts,
and social norms among different cultures and people
(cultural design and engineering ; NEW VALUE SYSTEM)
Core systems
 Systems that support functions that are absolutely critical to
the organization
 TECHNOLOGY AND BUSINESS VIEW
 ERP systems as they are derived
philosophically from the GST they need
structural, radical, and paradigm shift from
the way businesses are currently managed
and organized in the West.
 The technology is driving the businesses
 Technology is based upon social system of
Islam
 The electronic-based communities and
business edge
 The information systems communities and
managerial and business competence
 Hence to make full utilization of technology the West
has to accept and embrace Islam as a unified approach
for life to cope with the sophistication and
organizational pattern of the software technology
 Using GST as a generic model for both technological
and managerial purposes, particularly decision
making, is the optimal approach to adjust and
organize your business based upon sensible theoretical
ground (i.e. process re-engineering)
 Technological systems, business systems and
management and information systems , they need
standardization and hence integration (GST-based) to
render viable processes
 GST ‘Social Theory’ : Contextual View
 Information as social phenomenon
 Management as social phenomenon
 Organizational as a global phenomenon
 Technology as social phenomenon
 Technology as social phenomenon
 GST as global social phenomenon
 Business as global phenomenon controlled by GST
principles and guidelines
 Transactions across the world as business processes
guided by GST principles
 GST based global value systems is appropriate
technology to be transferred across the globe
 GST and socio-cultural context
 GST and the socio-economic context
 GST and socio-political context
 GST and socio-organizational context
 Assessment
 The project carries 20% of the whole
mark. It is a group project and the final
exam will be related to the project.
Thus you need to understand each and
every piece of it.
 The group will present their work to a
wider public
 The project entails to unify analysis,
design, implementation and
management of information systems
via the universal instrument of the GST
the true UML.
 All the concepts related to
management information systems and
project management need to be
redefined as a result of the systemic
and structured language of the GST.
 Thus GST emegered and instigated as a DON
in Demand and as a sign of our time initiated
by the Qurannic Promise and propagated by
the continuation and integration between the
past, president and the future raised by the
Muhammad’s Methodology whose role is to
substantiate Allah's (SWT) ‘order’
(organization of science and technology and
hence HUMAN beings ) which proved
Quranically to be complimentary with the
Sharia'h ( the social theory, social system and
social science)
 Mechanistic thinking as mental, physical, psyche
and heart disorder
 Thus religious and mechanistic realities of Jews is
disordered and outcaste form of behavior
 Thus the methodology used in research,
technology and ICT in particular and project
management format is utterly irrational and
unnatural and irreligious
 This is why an ‘order ‘from ALLAH (SWT) is set
(GST) for them
 This time the operation of the scientific method
that they fear most and ISLAM in a new form and
shape and structure and process is in the creation
 This time this action is universally driven via the
universal system language that exits and really
exits to unify the world community
 ‫‪INFORMATION AS NATURAL‬‬
‫نظرية االنظمة العامة و البعد المعلوماتى‪PHENOMENON‬‬
‫مستوى المعلومات‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫مستوى المعلومات‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫ملف‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫مستوى المعلومات‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫المعلومات‬ ‫ملف‪4‬‬
‫ملف‪1‬‬ ‫ملف‪2‬‬
‫مستوى المعلومات‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫العلم‬
‫مستوى‬
‫المعلومات‪5‬‬
‫ملف‬
‫مستوى المعلومات‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪6‬‬

‫مستوى المعلومات‬
‫‪7‬‬

‫‪78‬‬
‫منظومة انتاج العلوم الفطرية‬

Ideolog
y

Methodo
Philoso logy Reality
phy

Theory
Natural system of Pillars

shehada
(Pairs)

salat (7 Hajj (7
Zakat
(Pairs)
levels) levels)
(Pairs)
(Pairs)

soum
Ramdan
(Pairs)
Natural system of Organized and
originated Science

Ideolog
y

Methodo
Philoso logy Reality
phy

Theory
Natural system of the Computer

Control

Input Process Output

Storage
Natural system of Prayers

Prayer
(1)

Prayer Middle Prayer

(three) prayer (five )

Prayer
(Four)
 Natural Methodology Of IS
development (Evolutionary)

Analysi
s

Implem
Coding Design entatio
n

Mainte
nance
Natural system of Management
Functions

Plannin
g

Decisio
Organi Control
zing n ling
making

Directi
ng
Natural system of Decision
making

Intellig
ence

Implem
Design Choice entatio
n

Evaluati
on
Natural system of the Computer

Control

Input Process Output

Storage
 Natural systemic
Phenomenon (ORDER)
Physical
level

Chemica
l level

Biologic
al level

Psycholo
gical
level

Social
level

Economi
c level

Manager
ial level