CHAPTER Computer

2 SYSTEM
 2.2.1 BINARY

2.2
2.2.2 HEXADECIMAL
NUMBER
SYSTEM
&
REPRESENTATION
 Learning Outcomes :

- Represent information in binary form

 Number System

A set of numerals for

representing numbers
 Binary Numbers (base 2)
 Decimal Numbers (base 10)
 Octal Numbers (base 8)
 Hexadecimal Numbers (base 16)
 Binary Numbers

 Computer uses the binary digit (bit) 0 and 1

 Bits 0 and 1 and are joined together to form
binary numbers
 Binary number represents numeric values
using two symbols 0 and 1
 Machine recognizes two states – 0 and 1
Binary Numbers

Binary digit

110
Binary number
 Decimal Numbers

 Familiar use in everyday life

 Consists of numbers 0-9
 Decimal digits are joined together to form
longer decimal numbers
 Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11,
12,………
 Decimal Numbers

 Also known as the base 10 numbering system

 How 615 is represented in decimal numbers

102 101 100

6 x 100 1 x 10 5x1
600 + 10 + 5 = 615
 DECIMAL BINARY
0 0
1 1
2 10
3 11
Comparison
4 100
between decimal
5 101
numbers and
6 110
binary numbers 7 111
8 1000
9 1001
10 1010
11 1011
12 1100
13 1101
14 1110
15 1111
 2.2.1 BINARY

2.2
2.2.2 HEXADECIMAL
NUMBER
SYSTEM
&
REPRESENTATION
 Learning Outcomes :

- Represent information in hexadecimal form

- Convert from binary to hexadecimal

- Convert from hexadecimal to binary

 Hexadecimal Numbers

 Uses 16 symbols: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, A, B, C, D, E and F.

 9B416 is example of hexadecimal

numbers.
 DECIMAL HEX
0 0
1 1
Comparison 2 2
between decimal 3 3
numbers 4 4
and 5 5
hex numbers 6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 A
11 B
12 C
13 D
14 E
15 F
 Hexadecimal Numbers
Hexadecimal Digit Decimal Equivalent Binary Equivalent
0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 10
3 3 11
4 4 100
5 5 101
6 6 110
7 7 111
8 8 1000
9 9 1001
A 10 1010
B 11 1011
C 12 1100
D 13 1101
E 14 1110
F 15 1111
 2.2.1 BINARY

2.2
NUMBER 2.2.2 HEXADECIMAL

SYSTEM
2.2.3 CONVERSION BETWEEN BINARY
& AND HEXADECIMAL
REPRESENTATION
 Learning Outcomes :

- Convert from binary to decimal

- Convert from decimal to binary

- Convert from binary to hexadecimal

- Convert from hexadecimal to binary

 Binary to Decimal conversion

 In binary number, the column weights

(again from right to left) are as follows:

(23) (22) (21) (20)

8 4 2 1

Binary to decimal conversion

 Example 1

 Convert the binary number 101102 to decimal

number
Solution:

24 23 22 21 20
1 0 1 1 0
16 x 1 8x0 4x1 2x1 1x0
16 + 0+ 4+ 2+ 0= 22

Hence, 101102 = 22
Binary to decimal conversion
 Example 2

 Convert the binary number 10111002 to

decimal number
Solution:

26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1 0 1 1 1 0 0
64 x 1 32 x 0 16 x 1 8 x 1 4 x 1 2 x 0 1 x 0
64 + 0+ 16 + 8+ 4+ 0+ 0= 92

Hence, 10111002 = 92
Binary to decimal conversion
 Example 3

 Convert the binary number 11101102

to decimal number
Solution:
26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1 1 1 0 1 1 0
64 x 1 32 x 1 16 x 1 8 x 0 4 x 1 2 x 0
1 1x0
64 + 32 + 16 + 0+ 4+ 0
2 + 0= 116
118

Hence, 11101102 = 118

Binary to decimal conversion
 Decimal to Binary conversion

Example 1:
 Convert the number 22 to the binary
number system

Solution:
Desired base is 2, so we repeatedly divide
the given decimal number by 2.

Decimal to binary conversion

 Solution

2 22

2 11 ---- 0

2 5 ---- 1

2 2 ---- 1
Binary
2 1 ---- 0 number
0 ---- 1
Hence, 22 = 101102
Decimal to binary conversion
 Example 2:

 Convert the number 40 to the binary

number system.

Solution:
Desired base is 2, so we repeatedly divide
the given decimal number by 2.

Decimal to binary conversion

 Solution

2 40
2 20 ---- 0

2 10 ---- 0

2 5 ---- 0 Binary
number
2 2 ---- 1
2 1 ---- 0
0 ---- 1 Hence, 40 = 1010002

Decimal to binary conversion

 Example 3

 Express 18 in binary number form

Solution:
Divide the given decimal number by 2.

Decimal to binary conversion

 Solution

2 18
2 9 ---- 0
2 4 ---- 1
2 2 ---- 0
Binary
2 1 ---- 0 number
0 ---- 1
Hence, 18 = 100102
Decimal to binary conversion
Decimal to hexadecimal conversion

Example 1:

 Convert the decimal number 1341 to hex

number

Solution:
Desired base is 16, so we repeatedly divide the
given decimal number by 16.

Decimal to hex conversion

 Solution:

16 1341

16 83 ---- 13 (D)

16 5 ---- 3
Hex Number
0 ---- 5

Hence,1341 = 53D16

Decimal to hex conversion

 Example 2

 Convert the decimal number 860 to hex

number

Solution:
Desired base is 16, so we repeatedly divide the
given decimal number by 16.

Decimal to hex conversion

 Solution

16 860
16 53 ---- 12 (C)

16 3 ---- 5
Hex Number
0 ---- 3

Hence, 860 = 35C16

Decimal to hex conversion

 Example 3

 Convert the decimal number 2020 to hex

number

Solution:
Desired base is 16, so we repeatedly divide the
given decimal number by 16.

Decimal to hex conversion

 Solution

16 2020

16 126 ---- 4

16 7 ---- 14 (E) Hex Number

0 ---- 7

Hence, 2020 = 7E416

Decimal to hex conversion

Hexadecimal to Decimal conversion

 In hex number, the column weights (again

from right to left) are as follows:

(163) (162) (161) (160)

4096 256 16 1

hex to decimal conversion

 Example 1

 Convert AFB216 to decimal number

Solution:

163 162 161 160

A F B 2
4096 x 10 256 x 15 16 x 11 1x2
40960 + 3840 + 176 + 2= 44978

Hence, AFB216 = 44978

hex to decimal conversion

 Example 2

 Convert BA816 to decimal number

Solution:

162 161 160

B A 8
256 x 11 16 x 10 1x8
2816 + 160 + 8= 2984

Hence, BA816 = 2984

hex to decimal conversion
 Example 3

 Convert AFFA16 to decimal number

Solution:

163 162 161 160

A F F A
4096 x 10 256 x 15 16 x 15 1 x 10
40960 + 3840 + 240 + 10 = 45050

Hence, AFFA16 = 45050

hex to decimal conversion

 Binary to Hexadecimal conversion

 Step 1 : Convert binary to decimal

 Step 2 : Convert decimal to hexadecimal

binary to hex conversion

 Example 1:

 Convert the binary number 110102 to

hexadecimal.

binary to hex conversion

 Step 1: Convert binary to decimal

Solution:

24 23 22 21 20
1 1 0 1 0
16 x 1 8x1 4x0 2x1 1x0
16 + 8+ 0+ 2+ 0= 26
 Step 2: Convert decimal to hex:

Solution:

16 26
16 1 ---- 10 (A)
Hex number
0 ---- 1

Hence, 110102 = 1A16

binary to hex conversion

 Example 2

 Convert the binary number 100102 to

hexadecimal.

binary to hex conversion

 Step 1: Convert binary to decimal

Solution:

24 23 22 21 20
1 0 0 1 0
16 x 1 8x0 4x0 2x1 1x0
16 + 0+ 0+ 2+ 0= 18

binary to hex conversion

 Step 2: Convert decimal to hex:

Solution:

16 18
16 1 ---- 2
Hex number
0 ---- 1

Hence, 100102 = 1216

binary to hex conversion

 Example 3

 Convert the binary number 11112 to

hexadecimal.

binary to hex conversion

 Step 1: Convert binary to decimal

Solution:

23 22 21 20
1 1 1 1
8x1 4x1 2x1 1x1
8+ 4+ 2+ 1= 15
 Step 2: Convert decimal to hex:

Solution:

16 15
0 ---- 15 (F) Hex number

Hence, 11112 = F16

 Hexadecimal to Binary conversion

 Step 1 : Convert hexadecimal to decimal

 Step 2 : Convert decimal to binary

hex to binary conversion

 Example 1

 Convert the hexadecimal number 3FD16 to

binary number

hex to binary conversion

 Step 1: Convert hex to dec

Solution:

162 161 160

3 F D
256 x 3 16 x 15 1 x 13
768 + 240 + 13 = 1021

hex to binary conversion

 Step 2: Convert decimal to binary

2 1021
2 510 ---- 1
2 255 ---- 0
2 127 ---- 1
2 63 ---- 1
2 31 ---- 1 Binary number
2 15 ---- 1
2 7 ---- 1
2 3 ---- 1
2 1 ---- 1 Hence, 3FD16 = 11111111012
0 ---- 1
hex to binary conversion
 Example 2

 Convert the hexadecimal number 1A216 to binary

number

hex to binary conversion

 Step 1: Convert hex to decimal

Solution:

162 161 160

1 A 2
256 x 1 16 x 10 1x2
256 + 160 + 2= 418

hex to binary conversion

 Step 2: Convert decimal to binary

Solution:
2 418
2 209 --- 0
2 104 --- 1
2 52 --- 0
2 26 --- 0 Binary number
2 13 --- 0
2 6 --- 1
2 3 --- 0
2 1 --- 1 Hence, 1A216 = 1101000102
0 --- 1
hex to binary conversion
 Example 3

 Convert the hexadecimal number AF116 to

binary number

hex to binary conversion

 Step 1: Convert hex to decimal

Solution:

162 161 160

A F 1
256 x 10 16 x 15 1x1
2560 + 240 + 1= 2801

hex to binary conversion

 Step 2: Convert decimal to binary

2 2801
2 1400 ---- 1
2 700 ---- 0
2 350 ---- 0
2 175 ---- 0
2 87 ---- 1
2 43 ---- 1
2 21 ---- 1 Binary number
2 10 ---- 1
2 5 ---- 0
2 2 ---- 1 Hence, AF116 = 1010111100012
2 1 ---- 0
0 ---- 1
hex to binary conversion
 Summary

Number system
Binary numbers
Decimal numbers
Hexadecimal numbers
Convert Binary to Decimal
Convert Decimal to Binary
Convert Decimal to Hexadecimal
Convert Hexadecimal to Decimal
Convert Binary to Hexadecimal
Convert Hexadecimal to Binary