By:

AJAY KUMAR PANDEY

 INTRODUCTION
Waste management is the collection, transport,
processing, recycling or disposal, and monitoring
of waste materials. The term usually relates to
materials produced by human activity, and is
generally undertaken to reduce their effect on
health, the environment or aesthetics.
 WASTE
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Collection
An unusable / unwanted  source separation
substance or material.  storage
 transportation
Rejected as worthless.  Recycling
 processing
Eg) Rubbish, trash, garbage or  treatment
junk disposal of waste
AIM OF WASTE
MANAGEMENT
@ To extract
maximum practical
benefits.

@ To generate
minimum amount
of waste.

@ Reduce negative
impacts - on
environment &
society.
Kinds of Wastes
Solid wastes: domestic, commercial and industrial
wastes especially common as co-disposal of wastes
Examples: plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles, cans,
papers, scrap iron, and other trash
Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form
Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste
water from ponds, manufacturing industries and other
sources
Gaseous waste: are included Carbon dioxide CO2 is a
naturally occurring greenhouse gas in the
atmosphere. However the amount of it increases
when we burn fossil fuels, leading to global warming.
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Classification of Wastes according to their
Properties

Bio-degradable
can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)

Non-biodegradable
cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines,
cans, styrofoam containers and others)

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Hazardous wastes
Hazardous wastes comprise solid, liquid, or gas wastes that
can cause death, illness, or injury to people or destruction of
the environment if improperly treated, stored, transported,
or discarded.
ignitable corrosive reactive Toxic.
Non-hazardous wastes
Non-hazardous waste is any solid waste, special waste that is
not otherwise classified as a hazardous waste, biomedical
waste, or low level radioactive waste.
Solid: garbage, rubbish, refuse, construction and demolition
debris, special waste, and tires
Special waste: boiler and incinerator ash, paper mill sludge,
medical waste, petroleum contaminated soils, and sandblast
grit.
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 SOURCES OF WASTES
*Domestic wastes - Eg) paper, plastic, glass, ceramics,
vegetable wastes

*Commercial wastes - Eg) printer paper, meat remnants

*Ashes - Eg) coal, wood and coke.
- Open burning of wastes also generates ashes

*E - Waste - electronics disposed

-E.g.) Secondary computers, electronics, mobile phones,
television sets & refrigerator

 
*Biomedical Wastes - Eg) expired drugs, plastic
syringes, surgical dressings

*Construction Wastes - Eg) metal rods,

bricks, cement, concrete, roofing materials
- digging activities Eg) telephone,
electricity, drainage
*Industrial Solid Wastes -Eg) garment
factory would dump textiles of various kinds
*Sewer - removed from sewerage - left on
the roadside
Effects of waste If not managed
Affects our health
Affects our socio-economic conditions
Affects our coastal and marine environment
Affects our climate
Rise in global temperatures ‘
 METHODS OF DISPOSAL

INCINERATION
Incineration is a disposal method that involves combustion of waste
material.
RECYCLING METHOD
The process of extracting resources or value from waste is generally referred to
as recycling, meaning to recover or reuse the material.
BIOLOGICAL REPROCESSING
Waste materials that are organic in nature, such as plant material, food scraps,
and paper products, can be recycled using biological composting and digestion
processes to decompose the organic matter.
LANDFILLS
Disposing of waste in a landfill involves burying waste, and this remains a
common practice in most countries.
 Suggestions
 Improve product design to use less materials.
 use biodegradable materials
 maintenance of cleanliness in yards and streets
 At Source Treatment, Separation of materials should be
done at source
 Encourage people to reuse materials rather than
purchase new ones.
Conclusion.
Waste management is most important in our
daily life because we generate more and more
waste materials in our daily activity which may
affect our health, socio economic condition,
climate, global temperature and may cause
serious health diseases so we should reduce,
reuse, recover and recycle the waste materials.
THANK YOU

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Sources of Wastes

Households

Commerce and
Industry

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Sources of Wastes
Agriculture

Fisheries

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 Countries Amount /year
Japan 395 M tonnes/year
Germany 104 M tonnes/year
Netherlands 6.1 M tonnes/year
Hungary 102 M tonnes/year
Poland 130 M tonnes/year
Romania 607 M tonnes/year
Bahrain 92,000 tonnes/year
China 6 B tonnes/year
Philippines 1.3 M tonnes/year

*from primary and secondary industry sectors

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 Biodegradable Non-
Biodegradable
  Non-
wastes
wastes biodegradable
biodegradable
wastes
wastes
Non

Nonbiodegradable
biodegradablewastes
wastesare
arethose
those
which
whichcannotcannotbe bedecomposed
decomposedby bythethe
Biodegradable

Biodegradablewastes
wastesare
arethose
thosewaste
waste microorganisms
microorganismsinto intosimpler
simpler
which
whichcan
canbe
bedecomposed
decomposedby bythe substances.
microorganisms
the substances.Such Suchtypes
typesofofwaste
wasteisisaa
microorganismsinto intosimpler
simpler matter
matterofofserious
seriousconcern
concernforforall
allofofus
us&&
substances.
substances.IfIfititisishandled
handledininthe
the ififititisisnot handled properly, causes
proper way it causes no harm. not handled properly, causes
proper way it causes no harm. pollution.
pollution.

Some

Someexamples
examplesare:
are: Some

Someexamples
examplesare:
are:
1.
1.peel
peeland
andcutting
cuttingof
of
fruits
fruitsand
andvegetables
vegetables 1.
1. plastic
plasticbags
bags
2.
2.cow
cowdung
dung 2.
2. buckets
buckets
3. plant
3. plant residue
residue and
and 3.
3. plates
plates
agriculture
agriculture. . 4.
4. glass
glass
.
. 5.
5. metal
metalscrap
scrap
6.
6. industrial
industrialmetallic
metallicwaste
waste
Effects On Human Health.
 Damage to central and peripheral nervous systems, blood
systems and kidney damage.
 Affects brain development of children.
 Chronic damage to the brain.
 Respiratory and skin disorders due to bioaccumulation in fishes.
 Asthmatic problems.
 DNA damage.
 Reproductive and developmental problems.
 Lung Cancer.
 Damage to heart and liver.
Effects On Environment.
 Pollution of Ground-Water.
 Acidification of soil.
 Air Pollution.
 E-Waste accounts for 40 percent of the lead and
75 percent of the heavy metals found in landfills.
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
Reduce Waste
- Reduce office paper waste by implementing a formal policy
to duplex all draft reports and by making training manuals
and personnel information available electronically.

- Improve product design to use less materials.

- Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material while

maintaining strength.

- Work with customers to design and implement a packaging

return program.

- Switch to reusable transport containers.

- Purchase products in bulk.

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WHAT
ReuseSHOULD BE DONE

- Reuse corrugated moving boxes internally.

- Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as interoffice envelopes,

file folders, and paper.

- Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups, and

glasses.

- Use incoming packaging materials for outgoing shipments.

- Encourage employees to reuse office materials rather than

purchase new ones.

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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
Donate/Exchange

- old books

- old clothes

- old computers

- excess building materials

- old equipment to local organizations

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 Employee Education
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
- Develop an “office recycling procedures” packet.

- Send out recycling reminders to all employees including

environmental articles.

- Train employees on recycling practices prior to implementing

recycling programs.

- Conduct an ongoing training process as new technologies are

introduced and new employees join the institution.

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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
Employee Education

- education campaign on waste management that

includes an extensive internal web site, quarterly
newsletters, daily bulletins, promotional signs and
helpful reference labels within the campus of an
institution.

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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
Preventing Waste

- packaging waste reductions and changes

in the manufacturing process

- use biodegradable materials

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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
Conduct outreach program adopting an
ecologically sound waste management system
which includes:

 waste reduction
 segregation at source

 composting

 recycling and re-use

 more efficient collection

 more environmentally sound disposal

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