CELLULAR

RESPIRATION
Prepared by:
JHON EXCELL SANO
 Cellular RESPIRATION
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ~38
ATP
 Two types:
1. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
2. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
 glycolysis
• It occurs in cytoplasm
• Splitting of glucose in two
pyruvate molecules
• It generates 2ATP molecule
per glucose molecule
 Step a: Glucose priming
1. A phosphate molecule is taken
from ATP and transferred to
the glucose molecule, forming
glucose-6-phosphate.
 Step a: Glucose priming
2. The glucose-6-phosphate is
rearranged to form fructose-6-
phosphate.
 Step a: Glucose priming
3. Another phosphate molecule
is taken in from ATP and is
attached to fructose-6-
phosphate to form fructose-
1,6-bisphosphate.
 Step b: cleavage & rearrangement

4. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
splits into two, producing
dihydoxyacetone phosphate
(DAHP) and glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate (G3P).
 Step b: cleavage & rearrangement

5. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
is rearranged to form another
G3P.
 Step c: oxidation
6. In this step, G3P oxidizes nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). G3P
transfer e- to NAD+ to form NADH (an e-
carrier). In addition to this process, a
phosphate molecule is attached to G3P to
form 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG).
 Step d: atp generation
7. A phosphate molecule is removed from BPG.
The phosphate removed is accepted by
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form ATP.
This is known as substrate-level
phosphorylation, wherein the phosphate is
directly transferred by a molecule. At the
same time, it changes the molecule to 3-
phosphoglycerate (3PG).
 Step d: atp generation
8. The 3GP molecule is rearranged to form 2-
phosphoglycerate.
9. A water molecule is removed from 2-
phosphoglycerate to form
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).
10. Another phosphate molecule is removed and
transferred to ADP, thus changing
phosphoenolpyruvate to form pyruvate.
 Pyruvate oxidation
if oxygen is present, the pyruvate molecule
produced in glycolysis undergoes further
oxidation. Pyruvate oxidation takes place inside
the mitochondrion, specifically in the
mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate’s energy is
harvested in three intermediate chemical
reactions.
 Pyruvate oxidation
1. A carbon molecule is removed from pyruvate to
produce carbon dioxide (CO2 ). The process of
removing carbon molecules is called
decarboxylation.
2. The decarboxylation molecule (two-carbon
molecule) is oxidized top form NADH.
3. The remaining two-carbon molecule (acetyl) is
attached to coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme
A (acetyl COA).