Construction And Details of Gear

Department of Mechanical Engg. 1

Contents:

• Introduction
• What is chain drive in
Automobile?
• Types of chain drive
• Selection method
• Application
• Construction & details
• Conclusion

Department of Mechanical Engg. 2

Introduction
• Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power
from one place to another. It is often used to convey
power to the wheels of a vehicle, particularly bicycles
and motorcycles. It is also used in a wide variety of
machines besides vehicles.

• Most often, the power is conveyed by a roller chain,

known as the drive chain or transmission chain
passing over a sprocket gear, with the teeth of the
gear meshing with the holes in the links of the chain.
The gear is turned, and this pulls the chain putting
mechanical force into the system.
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Difference Between chain and belt drive:
• The main difference between the
two drives is that a chain drive is
powered by a chain loop, while a
belt drive is powered by a belt.
• Chain drives are made of metal,
which makes them more durable
and stronger compared to a belt.
The metal chain is designed to
have a design that corresponds
to the other side.

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Types of chain drive:

• Roller chain
• Detachable chain.
• Pintle chain.
• Silent chain.
• Leaf chain.
• Laminated metal chain.

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Roller Chain :Roller chain or bush roller chain is the type of
chain drive most commonly used for transmission of
mechanical power on many kinds of domestic, industrial and
agricultural machinery, including conveyors, wire- and tube-
drawing machines, printing presses, cars, motorcycles, and
bicycles. It consists of a series of short cylindrical rollers held
together by side links. It is driven by a toothed wheel called a
sprocket. It is a simple,reliable,and efficient means of power
transmission.

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Detachable chain:

• Detachable chain has

hook at one end
connected with pin at
another end. This simple
structure enables to
assemble and
disassembling easily.

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Pintle and Silent chain :

• The pintle chain is used as a drive chain for higher

speeds (to about 450 FPM or 137 meters/minutes)
and heavier loads than detachable chain is capable of
transmitting. The pintle chain is made up of individual
cast links having a full round barrel end cast integral
with offset side bars.
• The term silent chain has been adopted to describe
the inverted tooth link-type of chain that is commonly
used for high speeds, over 4,500 FPM (1,372
meters/minutes), and for smooth, vibration-free
operation.
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Leaf and Laminated Metal chain:

• A leaf chain is used in applications requiring a

strong, flexible linkage for transmitting
reciprocating motion, or lift, rather than rotative
power. Leaf chain is used on applications such
as:
• Overhead hoists
• Hydraulic-lift trucks
• Counter-weights that require tension linkages
• A laminated metal chain consists of thin strips
of resilient metal that extend on each side of
the link and conform to the ribbed sides of a
sheave face. This action produces a positive
link engagement for variable speed drive units.
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Selection Method :
• The following data should be taken into consideration
while selecting roller chain drives
• a)Horsepower to be transmitted
• b)RPM of the driving and driven sprocket (speed ratio)
• c)Load classification
• d)Space limitations if any
• e)Driven machine
• f)Source of power
• If the pitch centre distance and number of teeth on both
driving and driven sprockets are known , you can use
the following formula ,tables and charts to calculate
chain lengths. Department of Mechanical Engg. 10
• Chain Length: L (no. of links)
• L=(N1+N2)/2 + 2*Cp + (N2-N1)2/40*Cp
• Where Cp is the inter-shaft distance expressed as a pitch;
• N1 and N2 is the number of teeth on the small sprocket & large sprocket.

• Chain Speed: v (m/min)

• v=(p*N*r)/1000
• Where p is the chain pitch (㎜);
• N is the number of teeth on the sprocket and r is the sprocket speed (rpm).

• Chain Tensile Force for Rated Output: F (kgf)

• F=(6120*kW)/v
• Corrected Transmission Performance: kW' (kW)
• kW'=au*kW
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• αu is the service coefficient
ADVANTAGES:

• 1. Relatively inexpensive.
• 2. Virtually any length chain can be obtained (splicing).
• 3. Large selection of chain and sprockets, especially for
#80 and smaller chain.
• 4. Positive drive provides synchronization of two shafts
(Synchronous belts such as Poly Chain also (possess this
characteristic).
• 5. Bearing loads are generally lower than for belts (no
slack side tension).
• 6. Chain drives are 95-99% efficient (Poly Chain is 98-
99% efficient).
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Disadvantages:
1.Lubrication is critical - unlubricated drives can wear 300
times faster than lubricated drives (difficult to properly re-
lube chain).
2. The lubrication attracts dirt which leads to wear
problems.
3. Life is usually low since an estimated 90-95% of chain
drives are improperly lubricated.
4. Frequent maintenance is required due to wear and
stretch.
5. Necessary lubrication is messy (may be a problem in
food/beverage industry).
6. Alignment is important as it affects life and stability
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 Application:

• Few applications of roller chains are listed

below:
• Pedal roller of scutcher.
• Drive from inclined lattice to feed apron and
creel apron of bale opener through clutch.
• Motor to feed-roller, lap winding-roller, and
tuft-feeder in high production carding
machine.
• Drive to shafts driving the flyers and bobbins
on conventional roving machines.
• Drive to ring rail on ring spinning machines
• Drive to creel rollers on drawingDepartment
machines,of Mechanical Engg. 14
and hank meters
 Construction and Details:
• Roller chain is made up of alternate link
plates (inner and outer), pins, bushes and
rollers.
• The pins, bushes and rollers are made of
alloy steels. The pins are press fitted to the
outer link plates. The bushes are press fitted
to two inner link-plates. The bush and the pin
form a swivel joint and the outer link is free to
swivel with respect to the inner link. The
rollers are loosely mounted on the bushes so
that they rotate when they are engaged with
the teeth of the sprocket wheels. This results
in rolling friction between the roller and
sprocket teeth, reduces friction and results in
less wear on them. Department of Mechanical Engg. 15
• Belt and pulley systems also offer design advantages with
respect to either chain or gear drives.
• These advantages include:
• 1. Belts slip, chain and gears drives do not. This is a useful
advantage for drive systems that do not require positive
speed ratios to be maintained.Momentary overloading loading
conditions may cause
• a belt to slip over the pulleys whereas a chain may break or a
gear tooth may shear. Belts offer built in “Clutching”. Of
course sustained overloadingwill cause premature wear
and“Burned out” belts.
• 2. Belt drives are not as noisy as chain or gear drive systems.
• 3. Belt drives can operate overlonger center distances than
chain drives.

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Conclusion :
• The chain drives are very useful for high
torque power transmission. Among all, Roller
Chain has positive drive. From the above
analysis we can conclude that for
manufacturing of chain drive, stainless steel
is the better metal than aluminum alloy.

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THANKYOU
Department of Mechanical Engg. 18