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Topic 4 : Educational Outputs

Prof . Dr . Mohammad
Iqbal
(University of Education)
Input
Iron Ore
(Cheap Price)

Steel
(Relatively High
Price)

Steel Lock
(High Price)
Output

Output can be calculated by price X quantity


Educational Output
• Cannot calculated by output price
Why ???
• We cannot determine the salaries / wages of labour
• Then , what is Educational Output ???
• It can be determine by input cost
• Schreyer (2009b) and Fraumeni et al. (2008)
define the output of the education sector as
the effect of education on the level of
students of knowledge, skills, and
competencies .
• This is also referred to as investment in human capital
Educational Output = Cost of Educational
services
Educational Output

Educational Input
Define Educational output
• The value of Educational output is measured
by what is spent on Educational services.
• Broadly Speaking , the expenditure is on the
salaries of the staff , the cost of building ,
materials , cooling and heating system and
so on .
• Educational Outputs =
Cost of Educational services + Inflation (say
5%, 10%)
Kinds of Educational Outputs

• School Outputs

(Class 1 to 12)

• University Outputs

(13 to PhD)
School Outputs (Class 1 to 12)
Types of School Outputs
• Cognitive Outputs

• Non-Cognitive Outputs

• School Outputs
Cognitive Outputs
• Learning Skills
• Writing Skill
• Basic Mathematical Skills
• Special Skills

• Standard Test to measure Cognitive Output.


Non-Cognitive Outputs

• Moral Values and Ethical Values

(Moral Values: Honesty , Justices , Tolerance


etc. )

• Social Skills

• Interpersonal Relations
Measured by Psychological Test .
Measuring School Outputs
University Outputs
• Civilization
• Research
• Information Storage
• Teaching Outputs
–Maturation
–Filtration
–Development of Productive Skills
Civilization
•Creative
achievements

• New Ways /
discovery

• Insurance Alhamra
First Assembly
against unknown
risk
Research

• Discovery
of New
Areas / Field

• Problem Solving

• Efficiency and
Effectiveness
Methods in
Practical
Information Storage

• Library
(Books + Journal
+ Research )

• Quality Work
Teaching Outputs
– Maturation
(better understanding
– Filtration
(Market base Subjects)

– Development of Productive
Skills
(New Methods of Production
/ Efficiency in Production )
Aggregation of Different Output

University Output =
teaching (learning )+ research (quality work)

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