Comparative Data Tables

What Do or Can they Tell Us?

David Comp
Senior Adviser for International Initiatives in The College
The University of Chicago
dcomp@uchicago.edu

http://international.ed.consulting.googlepages.com/internationalhighereducationconsulting
 Profile of U.S. Students Abroad
1993/94 - 2005/06
Open Doors 2007 Report on International Educational Exchange

Race/Ethnicity 1993/94 1995/96 1997/98 1999/00 2001/02 2003/04 2005/06

Caucasian 83.8% 84.4% 84.5% 83.7% 82.9% 83.7% 83.0%

Asian-American 5% 5.1% 4.8% 4.8% 5.8% 6.1% 6.3%

Hispanic-American 5% 5% 5.5% 5% 5.4% 5% 5.4%

African-American 2.8% 2.9% 3.8% 3.5% 3.5% 3.4% 3.5%

Multiracial 3.1% 2.3% 0.8% 0.9% 2% 1.3% 1.2%

Native American 0.3% 0.3% 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.5% 0.6%

TOTAL 76,302 89,242 113,959 143,590 160,920 191,321 223,534

 Profile of U.S. Students Abroad
1993/94 - 2005/06
Open Doors 2007 Report on International Educational Exchange

Race/Ethnicity 1993/94 1995/96 1997/98 1999/00 2001/02 2003/04 2005/06

Caucasian 63,941 75,320 96,295 120,858 133,403 160,135 185,533

Asian-American 3,815 4,551 5,470 6,892 9,333 11,671 14,083

Hispanic-American 3,815 4,462 6,268 7,180 8,690 9,566 12,071

African-American 2,137 2,588 4,330 5,025 5,632 6,505 7,824

Multiracial 2,365 2,053 912 1,292 3,218 2,487 2,682

Native American 229 268 684 718 644 957 1,341

TOTAL 76,302 89,242 113,959 143,590 160,920 191,321 223,534

 Profile of U.S. Students Abroad
1993/94 - 2005/06
Open Doors 2007 Report on International Educational Exchange

Total Percentage
Race/Ethnicity 1993/94 2005/2006 Increase Increase

Caucasian 63,941 185,533 121,592 190%

Asian-American 3,815 14,083 10,268 269%

Hispanic-American 3,815 12,071 8,256 216%

African-American 2,137 7,824 5,687 266%

Multiracial 2,365 2,682 317 13%

Native American 229 1,341 1,112 485%

TOTAL 76,302 223,534 147,232 193%

 Comparative Data on Race and Ethnicity in Education Abroad
U.S. Population U.S. Higher Ed. U.S. Students Gilman Scholarship U.S. Community
2000 Enrollment Abroad Recipients College Students
Race/Ethnicity
2004* 2005-2006 2005-2006 Abroad
2003-2004
75.1% 66.1% 83.0% 49% 81.4%
Caucasian

12.3% 12.5% 3.5% 14% 3.7%

Black/African American

12.5%** 10.5% 5.4% 10% 10.2%

Hispanic/Latino American

3.7%*** 6.4%*** 6.3% 16% 4.1%

Asian American

0.9% 1.0%**** 0.6% 1% 0.2%

Native American

2.4% Not Available 1.2% 9% 0.4%

Multiracial/Other

No Response X X X 1% X

*Excludes Nonresident alien data

** U.S. Census data provides separate data on Hispanic/Latino populations
*** Includes Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations
**** Includes American Indian/Alaska Native populations
 U.S. Higher U.S. U.S.
U.S. Community College
Ed. Students Community
Students Abroad
Race/Ethnicity Enrollment Abroad College
Enrollment
2004 2004-2005 1997 2003-2004

Caucasian 66.1% 83.0% 64.8% 81.4%

Black/African American 12.5% 3.5% 11.1% 3.7%

Hispanic/Latino American 10.5% 5.6% 11.8% 10.2%

Asian American 6.4% 6.3% 5.8% 4.1%

Native American 1.0% 0.4% 1.3% 0.2%
Multiracial Not Available 1.2% Not Available 0.4%

No Response /Unknown X X 1.50% X

 Field of Study/Major Comparisons
U.S. Higher Education Graduation Totals – NCES Data, Percentages do not total
100% because non-resident alien student figures omitted

2005-06 Hispanic/ Black/

Study Abroad Asian Latino African Native
Field of Study/Major Totals Caucasian American American American American

Social Sciences 48,507 (21.7%) 115,808 (71.7%) 12,416 (7.6%) 12,818 (7.9%) 14,683 (8.9%) 1,307 (0.7%)
Business &
Management 39,566 (17.7%) 216,567 (68%) 24,154 (7.5%) 23,100 (7.2%) 36,195 (11.3%) 2,087 (0.06%)

Humanities 31,742 (14.2%) 30,162 (67.1%) 2,808 (6.2%) 4,938 (10.9%) 5,701 (12.6%) 501 (1.1%)

Foreign Languages 17,435 (7.8%) 13,819 (71.1%) 1,039 (5.3%) 3,231 (16.6%) 799 (4.1%) 82 (0.04%)

Fine or Applied Arts 16,765 (7.5%) 63,934 (76.7%) 5,392 (6.4%) 5,541 (6.6%) 4,855 (5.8%) 612 (0.07%)
Physical or Life
Sciences 15,424 (6.9%) 15,421 (75.8%) 1,818 (8.9%) 903 (4.4%) 1,178 (5.7%) 155 (0.07%)

Education 9,165 (4.1%) 91,279 (85.1%) 1,954 (1.8%) 5,196 (4.8%) 6,864 (6.4%) 902 (0.08%)

Health Sciences 8,494 (3.8%) 69,092 (75.1%) 5,102 (5.5%) 5,230 (5.6%) 10,268 (11.1%) 673 (0.07%)

Undeclared 7,600 (3.4%) X X X X X

Engineering 6,482 (2.9%) 45,465 (67.8%) 9,070 (13.5%) 4,051 (6.0%) 3,355 (5.0%) 364 (0.05%)
Math or Computer
Science 3,353 (1.5%) 40,564 (65.1%) 6,671 (10.7%) 4,056 (6.5%) 6,746 (10.8%) 372 (0.05%)

Agriculture 2,235 (1.3%) 20,190 (87.5%) 806 (3.4%) 764 (3.3%) 685 (2.9%) 256 (1.1%)
 Research and Literature on
Diversity in Education Abroad
Type of Publication Number of Articles Breakdown of the research and
literature by type
Periodicals (higher education/diversity 43
focus) The number of articles which tend to be considered
Other/Misc. Resources 22 more scholarly (conference papers/proceedings,
journal articles, theses, chapter/sections or books
and dissertations) are all found in the bottom 50%
Conference Papers/Published Proceedings 21
of articles published.
Peer Reviewed Journals 15
When added together there is approximately a 50/50
Periodicals (misc. national or local press) 13 split between scholarly/research based articles and
non-researched based articles.
Master’s Theses 9
Several resources found in the “Other/Misc. Resources”
Chapter/Section of Book/Publication 5 category are high quality scholarly works.

Doctoral Dissertations 3 The quality of several research studies are certainly

worthy of analysis and critique related to the
Total 131 methodological approaches used.

Data compiled by analysis of Research and Literature on

Underrepresentation in Education Abroad: An Annotated
Bibliography (© 2002-2006 David J. Comp)
 Research and Literature on
Diversity in Education Abroad
Content Analysis of the Literature on Diversity in
Education Abroad

Common Themes Found Across the Research Literature

Barriers to Participation in Study Abroad by Students of Color:
- Financial Issues (most commonly cited reason)
- Lack of Family Support and/or Needing to Remain Close to Family
- Concerns about Language
- Concerns about Discrimination
- Program Sites not of Interest
Financial Aid
Financial Aid
First Generation Students
First Generation Students
 Additional Areas for Data Collection/Analysis

• Work the Current Data

• First Generation Students (Previous Slides for Examples)
• Completion/Graduation Rates vs. Academic Level
Data in Open Doors
• Collection and Analysis of Demographic Data from
Organizations/Consortiums such as:
– Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC), Associated Colleges of
the Midwest (ACM), Ivies Plus, Consortium on Financing Higher
Education (COFHE), etc.
• Collection and Analysis of Demographics of other
International Education Scholarship
– Boren (NSEP), Freeman Asia, Fulbright
 Research on
Diversity in Education Abroad
Where do we need to go?

- Need for more rigorous and advanced research. The field needs more Doctoral
Dissertations and peer reviewed journal articles specifically focused on diversity issues in
education abroad.

- Need for more quantitative studies. The majority of studies on diversity in education abroad
are qualitative in nature and have produced valuable data. However, we need more studies
that provide hard data. Results from this type of data and methodological approaches will
be helpful in our advocacy efforts both here in Washington, D.C. and at our
campuses/organizations.

- Better data collection in the field. Consider how we can we collect demographic data
(institutional/provider or national level) on underrepresented student participation rates for
comparison. Also, it is important to disseminate these data/results to the greater education
abroad community.

- Need for longitudinal studies focusing on diversity issues. Replication of a recently

completed or current projects known in the field but with a specific focus on diversity issues.
Comparisons can be drawn from the data and analysis.

- Gain a better understanding of the heritage-seeking phenomena.

- Compare and analyze data on minority student foreign language study, retention rates and
other academic issues such as attendance at community colleges vs. four-year institutions.
 Data Obtained From
U.S. Census 2000, http://censtats.census.gov/data/US/101000.pdf

IIE Open Doors 2007, http://opendoors.iienetwork.org

IIE Open Doors 2005 Community College Data, http://opendoors.iienetwork.org/

National Center for Educational Statistics 2007, http://nces.ed.gov/programs

Benjamin A. Gilman International Scholarship General Statistics

http://www.iie.org/programs/gilman/stats/statistics.html

American Association of Community Colleges – National Profile of Community Colleges: Trends & Statistics
2000, http://www.aacc.nche.edu/pdf/AboutCC_Minority.pdf

Research and Literature on Underrepresentation in Education Abroad: An Annotated Bibliography, D. Comp

2006, http://international.ed.consulting.googlepages.com/internationalhighereducationconsulting

Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Minorities, U.S. Department of Education, NCES
2007,
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2007/2007039.pdf

First-Generation Students: Undergraduates Whose Parents Never Enrolled in Postsecondary Education, U.S.
Department of Education, NCES 1998,
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs98/98082.pdf