Transistor Modeling

ENGI 242
ELEC 222
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 Hybrid Equivalent Circuit for BJT

V1 h11 h12 I1
=
I2 h21 h22 V2

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 h-parameter Model for Common Emitter

Parameters from the spec sheet (x = lead based on circuit configuration):

h11 = hix
h12 = hrx
h21 = hfx
h22 = hox
hrx and hfx are dimensionless ratios
hix is an impedance <>
hox is an admittance <S>
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 Short Circuit Input Impedance

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 Open Circuit Reverse Transfer Ratio

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 Short Circuit Forward Transfer Ratio

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 Open Circuit Output Admittance

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Transistor Modeling
Hybrid Model Pi

ENGI 242
ELEC 222
 HYBRID MODEL PI

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 HYBRID MODEL PI PARAMETERS
• Parasitic Resistances
• rb = rb’b = ohmic resistance – voltage drop in base region
caused by transverse flow of majority carriers, 50 ≤ rb ≤
500
• rc = rce = collector emitter resistance – change in Ic due to
change in Vc, 20 ≤ rc ≤ 500
• rex = emitter lead resistance
– important if IC very large, 1 ≤ rex ≤ 3

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 HYBRID MODEL PI PARAMETERS
• Parasitic Capacitances
• Cje0 = Base-emitter junction (depletion layer) capacitance,
0.1pF ≤ Cje0 ≤ 1pF
• C0 = Base-collector junction capacitance, 0.2pF ≤ C0 ≤
1pF
• Ccs0 = Collector-substrate capacitance, 1pF ≤ Ccs0 ≤ 3pF
• Cje = 2Cje0 (typical)
• 0 =.55V (typical)
• F = Forward transit time of minority carriers, average of
lifetime of holes and electrons, 0ps ≤ F ≤ 530ps

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 HYBRID MODEL PI PARAMETERS
• r = rb’e = dynamic emitter resistance – magnitude varies to
give correct low frequency value of Vb’e for Ib
• r = rb’c = collector base resistance – accounts for change in
recombination component of Ib due to change in Vc which
causes a change in base storage
• c = Cb’e = dynamic emitter capacitance – due to Vb’e
stored charge
• c = Cb’c = collector base transistion capacitance (CTC)
plus Diffusion capacitance (Cd) due to base width
modulation
• gmV = gmVb’e = Ic – equivalent current generator

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 Hybrid Pi Relationships

IC
gm =
VT
kT
VT = = 26mV @ 300K
q
IC
gm =
26mV
(26mV) () 26mV
r = =
IC IB
 = gm r 
β vπ
ic = = gm vπ
rπ
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 Hybrid Pi Relationships

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 HYBRID MODEL PI MID BAND

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 HYBRID MODEL PI HIGH FREQ.

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 Common Emitter Amplifier

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 Common Emitter Amplifier – DC Bias Model

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Common Emitter Amplifier - Complete Hybrid PI

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 Mid Band Hybrid PI Common Emitter

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 Equivalent Circuit to find ZO

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 High Frequency Hybrid PI CE Amp

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 Common Emitter Amplifier

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 CE Amplifer Example output

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 Common Emitter Amplifier

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 CE Amplifer Example output

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 Emitter Follower

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 Emitter Follower

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 Emitter Follower

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 Emitter Follower

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 Emitter Follower

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 Common Base

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 Common Base

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