Ever Grace T.

Castro, RSW, MPM

Youth Development Officer
Local Government Unit-Himamaylan City
A Review:
Concept I. Sex and Gender
Concept II.
1. Biological Sex

- Physical and biological elements,

- Functions of the reproductive anatomy
and physiology.
2. Sexual Orientation
- Also known as the
sexual preference.

- The attraction of the

person to a specific sex.

- 3 types of orientation:
- heterosexuality,
homosexuality, and
bisexuality.
3. Gender Identity
- Is concerned with
how an individual
perceives roles.

- Transgender vs
transsexual
4. Sexual Behavior
- Pertains to any
physical activity
involving the body
as a means of
expressing erotic
feelings.
 Concept III.vs Gender Roles

SEX ROLES GENDER ROLES

Occupation or biological Learned behaviors in a

function for which a given society/community
necessary qualification is to
belong to one particular sex
category.
IV. Sexual Division of Labor

1. Production-refers to
production of goods and services for
exchange rather than for personal or immediate
consumption. With corresponding fee, salary or
economic value.

2. Reproduction-both biological reproduction

and tasks usually associated with child
rearing….necessary for survival but given no economic
value.
Development

- Sustained capacity of all

members of the society to
achieve a meaningful life.

- Development for all.

Human Development

- Focuses on people and the

satisfaction of their basic
needs.

- Health, knowledge, Income

Gender Equality

- Means that women and men

enjoy the same status,
opportunities and conditions in
the development space.

- That both benefit equally from

development results.
Gender Equity

- Is the way or means towards

GAD.
Source: World Economic Forum 2016
Philippines as Rank 7
1. Economic Participation and
Opportunity
2. Educational Attainment

Indicators Female Male

Literacy Rate 97 96

Enrollment in Primary 98 94
Education

Enrollment in 74 62
Secondary Education

Enrollment in Tertiary 40 31
Education
3. Health and Survival

Indicator Female Male

Healthy Life 63 57
Expectancy
4. Political Empowerment
Why there are women issues?
GENDER ISSUE

defined as the situation wherein

women and men are prevented to take
part and benefit from inclusive and
sustainable development.

it occurs due to the unequal power

relations between males and females
Types and Manifestations

1. Stereotyping
2. Multiple Burden
3. Female Subordination
4. Marginalization
5. Gender Based Violence
Common Gender Issues

1. Actual fertility is higher than the

planned/desired fertility.

Region VI – 3.8 versus 2.4

2. Limited involvement of males in family

planning and their preference for
bigger family size.
3. Early exposure to sexual activities among
young women.

1 in every 10 female teenagers (15-19) was

already a mother before reaching 20 (YAFS
2014).

4. Sexual violence and abuse of women.

5. Double standards on sexuality.

6. Undue emotional and mental restraints to

men.

7. The home is the domain of women only.

8. Unequal opportunities for personal health

and growth.
9. Inaccessible or low level of knowledge on
prenatal healthcare.

10. Lack of sex-disaggregated data for plan and

program development.
“Men and women are peerless pair; being
supplementary to one another; each helps
the other, so that without the one, the
existence of the other cannot be conceived
and, therefore, it follows that anything that
impairs the status of either of them will
involved the equal RUIN of them BOTH”.

Mahatma Gandhi