BLUETOOTH ENERGY METER

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for award of Degree Bachelor

of Technology in Electrical Engineering

SUBMITTED BY:
ANKIT KUMAR
(1501316139)
GUIDED BY:
Prof. Pabitra Mohan Dash
(H.O.D EEE)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Bhubaneswar Engineering College,
KGI Campus-4, NK Nagar, Gangapada,
Bhubaneswar-75205
(Approved by AICTE, govt. of India affiliated to BPUT, govt. of Odisha)
 Certificate
This is the certificate that the seminar entitled “BLUETOOTH ENERGY METER” being
submitted by ANKIT KUMAR bearing registration number 1501316139 in partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of technology
in EE for the session 2015-2019 is a bonafaid record of the work carried out by him.

Seminar Guide External HOD, (EEE)

FACULTY MEMBERS
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I avail this opportunity to extend my heartiest thanks andgratitude to ProfP.M Dash,

H.O.D,EEE for his invaluable contribution for the success of this seminar work.
I am thankful to all the staff members of EEE&EE department Dr.B.N Biswal,
DIRECTOR(A&A) of BEC, BBSR and my B. tech Colleagues, who encouraged me a lot
to accomplish the work in time.
Last but not least, most importantly I thank to God whose blessings & our parents, for
their continuous encouragement and help, which made me enable to reach at this
stage.

NAME-ANKIT KUMAR
REGD NO-1501316139
 CONTENTS
PAGE NO

INTRODUCTION 6

TRADITIONAL SYSTEM 9
PROPOSED SYSTEM 11
ORIGINALITY / VALUE 12
THE MAIN FEATURES OF THIS PROJECT 13
THE DEVICE PROVIDES LEARNING’S ON THE 14
FOLLOWING ADVANCEMENTS
THE MAJOR BUILDING BOLOCKS OF THIS 15
PROJECT
SOFTWARE’S USED 16
REGULATED POWER SUPPLY 17
BLOCK DIAGRAM 18

Devices used and working 19

ELECTRIC COMPANY BENEFITS 33

CUSTOMER BENEFITS 34

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 35

CONCLUSION 36
 The purpose of this project is to remote
monitoring of the Digital Energy Meter
using Bluetooth technology. This system
enables the Electricity Department to read
themeter readings regularly without the
person entering inside each house. This
can beachieved by the use
of Microcontroller unit that continuously
monitors and records theEnergy Meter
readings in its permanent (non-volatile)
memory location. This system also
makes use of a Bluetooth module for
transmitting the readings of Energy Meter
to
 Bluetooth is an open
standard specification for a radio frequency
(RF)-based,short-range connectivity
technology that promises to change the face
of computing andwireless communication. It
is designed to be an inexpensive, wireless
networking systemfor all classes of portable
devices, such as laptops, PDAs (personal
digital assistants), andmobile phones. It also
will enable wireless connections for desktop
computers, making
connections between monitors, printers,
keyboards, and the CPU cable-free.
The Microcontroller based system
continuously records the readings and the
livemeter reading can be sent to the Hand held
device. Energy meter, Bluetooth module
andLCD display are interfaced to the
Microcontroller. The Microcontroller
continuouslygets input from energy meter;
this data is processed and displayed on the
LCD and alsotransmitted using Bluetooth
module. This data can be received by any
Bluetooth enabledmobile phone. The major
advantages of this system are making use of
Bluetoothtechnology which helps for a
wireless transmission and the readings can be
seen on handheld
 During a research at the Tamil Nadu Electricity
Board, a questionnaire was conducted about the
traditional methods of Assessment of Meter
Reading followed in Tamil Nadu and was found
that few years ago there were readings taken
manually and costs generated by manual
calculation which has now been replaced by the
project called BEST (Billing for Essential Services
in TNEB) scheme which has two phases of
implementation. With this project TNEB plans to
computerize all their collection centers spread
across Tamil Nadu. A handheld device is used by
the assessor to generate the bill of the consumer
based on the observed reading. The remote rural
Gemini Communication Ltd (GCL), a Chennai based
leader in Communication & Networking solutions did the
first phase for about 456 Collection centers spread
across 9 regions and deployed the servers and storage
products for this network and hence the data that is
being typed in at the remote rural office will
automatically be saved in the server of the Regional
office.
In the second phase TNEB would implement the system
in 8 regions catering to 1725 collection centers. This is
the second phase of the project and will be used by 8
Chief Engineers and expected to benefit over 1.5 crore
consumers.
However in the existing system there is no solution provided
for the misread meters and manual errors by the assessors.
Also it does not provide a solution to reduce the manpower
required as assessors.
The proposed method is that of a wireless meter reading
system. A mobile van or motorbike can be used by the staff to
visit a street and it is required to enter only the building code
to access all the meter readings of the building. The proposed
design involves a microcontroller block that read up to 16
energy meters per building. Then the bill of the individual
meter will be generated and displayed on the LCD screen of
the microcontroller at the consumer end.
This system will provide the readings of each and every meter
in a building even if the staff is unable to enter the building.
There are further uses of this system which are mentioned in
the advantages section.
This system has many significant excellences,
such as wireless networking, low-workload,
great quantity of data transmission, time-
saving, security. It is an integrated system
with complete hardware, software, and
database implementation.
Wireless Energy Meter Reading.
High accuracy.
Instantaneous display on LCD.
Bluetooth module.
LCD interfacing.
Energy meter interfacing.
Embedded C programming.
PCB design.
 Microcontroller based control system with
regulated power supply.
Digital Energy Meter.
Mobile with Bluetooth interfacing with
microcontroller
LCD Display to display the meter readings.
Crystal oscillator
LED indicators
PIC-C compiler for Embedded C
programming.
PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into
Micro controller.
Express SCH for Circuit design.
Proteus for hardware simulation.
 Bluetooth Energy Meter

Regulated power supply

Electrical
Reset Isolated
Energy
driver
meter
Blue tooth Micro
Module LCD
controller LCD
driver
Crystal
Oscillator LED indicators
 1. Electricity meter
The first block is an electric meter that is to be
read. An Electric meter or energy meter is a device
that measures the amount of electrical energy
supplied to a residence or business. These are
customers of an electric company.
The most common type is more properly known as
a (kilo) watt-hour meter or a joule meter. Utilities
record the values measured by these meters to
generate an invoice for the electricity. They may also
record other variables including the time when the
electricity was used.
Fig.1: Energy Meter
Electricity meter
 Typical Energy meter data
•5-10 v
•240 v
•50 Hz
•1200 revs/kwh

2. IR Transmitter and receiver

For the microcontroller to understand the meter

reading, we need an IR setup which consists of an
IR transmitter and receiver. The transmitter
transmits an IR ray via a hole made in the meter
disc, and the receiver receives it whenever the hole
comes right in straight line with the IR ray. This
happens on completion of each revolution of the
disc. So this ensures that the microcontroller has
A typical Infrared diode emits a beam of light that
reaches the device. A 940 nm wavelength LED is
typical. This infrared light is invisible to the
human eye but carries signals that are detected
by the appliance, as well as by the sensor of a
digital camera. The presence of a carrier signal
can be used to trigger a function. After the
demodulation of the received signal, the
appropriate frequency filters are applied to
separate the respective signals. Nowadays digital
procedures are more commonly used.
 A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or
other electronically modulated optical device that uses the
light-modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals
do not emit light directly, instead using
a backlight or reflector to produce images in color
or monochrome. LCDs are available to display arbitrary
images (as in a general-purpose computer display) or fixed
images with low information content, which can be displayed
or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and seven-segment
displays, as in a digital clock.They use the same basic
technology, except that arbitrary images are made up of a
large number of small pixels, while other displays have larger
elements.
LCD DISPLAY
3. Digital comparator

The comparator shown in the block diagram is used to

sense a high pulse each time the IR receiver receives
an IR light. And the comparator compares the coming
signal to previous signal. If they are different the output
is given as high and if they are same the output is zero.
This ensures that when the meter stops on one reading
the microcontroller stops counting. A digital comparator
is a hardware electronic device that compares two
numbers in binary form and generates a one or a zero
at its output depending on whether they are the same
or not.
A comparator can be simulated by subtracting the two
values (A & B) in question and checking if the result is
zero. This works because if A = B then A - B = 0.
4. 8051 Microcontroller

The microcontroller is used to count the pulses

coming from the comparator output and to interface
it to the Bluetooth device for Transmission and
reception. It also interfaces to the LCD display so
that the incoming Bill details can be displayed. The
microcontroller consists of following sections:
4 Kb program memory.
128Kb RAM (including SFR(special function
registers) as well) satisfies basic needs.
4 ports having in total of 32 input/output lines exist.
Fig.3: 8051 Pinout and Basic Architecture
The diagram above shows the 8051 pinout. The chip
is a 40-pin package.
Port 0 - pins 32 to 39 make up the 8-bit I/O port 0.
However, if external memory is used, these lines are
Port 1 - pins 1 to 8 make up the 8-bit I/O port 1.
Port 2 - pins 21 to 28 make up the 8-bit I/O port 2.
However, if external memory is used, these lines make
up the high-byte of the external address (A8 to A15).
Port 3 - pins 10 to 17 make up the 8-bit I/O port 3.
However, each of these eight pins also has an alternate
function, as detailed in the table below:
External data memory read strobe
RST - the reset input is on pin 9. This pin is used for
resetting the 8051 (i.e.; loading the PC with the correct
startup value).
EA-bar - the external access, on pin 31, is used for
enabling or disabling the on-chip ROM. When tied high
(5V), the 8051 executes instructions in internal ROM
when executing in the lower 4K (8K for the 8052) of
memory. If tied low the 8051 will always execute
instructions in external memory. The 8031 and 8032
should always have pin 31 tied low as there is no
ALE - the address latch enable is on pin 30. The ALE
is used for latching
the low byte of the address into an external register.
PSEN-bar - the program store enable is an output
signal on pin 29. This signal is used for fetching
instructions from external code memory.
The microcontroller memory is divided into Program
Memory and Data Memory. Program Memory (ROM)
is used for permanent saving program being
executed, while Data Memory (RAM) is used for
temporarily storing and keeping intermediate results
and variables. All 8051 microcontrollers have 16-bit
addressing bus and can address 64 kb memory.
5. Bluetooth
The Bluetooth device is used create the contact between
the Consumer’s meter and the Assessor’s
laptop or any Bluetooth enabled device which has the
Billing Software in it.
Bluetooth is the term used to describe the protocol of a
short range (10 meter) frequency-hopping radio link
between devices. Bluetooth is acceptable for situations
when two or more devices are in proximity to each other
and don't require high bandwidth. Bluetooth networking
transmits data via low-power radio waves at frequency of
2.45 gigahertz (actually between 2.402 GHz and 2.480
GHz, to be exact). This frequency band has been set aside
by international agreement for the use of industrial,
scientific and medical devices (ISM). A personal computer
must have a Bluetooth adapter in order to be able to
communicate with other Bluetooth devices (such as mobile
Bluetooth module
6. Visual Basic

The software used to enter the received readings

and generate the billing cost details is Visual Basic
as the front-end software and SQL as the back-end
software where the database of each consumer gets
stored.
Visual Basic is a Graphics User Interface (GUI). The
main object in
Visual Basic is called a form. Controls are things like
text boxes, check boxes and command buttons.
Controls are chosen from the Visual Basic “tool
box― . Once forms/controls are created, you can
change the properties (appearance, structure etc.)
related to those objects in that particular objects
properties window. From this window, you choose
the property you want to change from the list and
Advantages:

Issues with Stand-alone meter reading

Highly Person dependant.
Human errors cannot be avoided.
Accessibility of meters in rural/ Agricultural
zones.
Energy Audits performed based on bill
collection which is highly inaccurate.
Billing done mainly on estimated/ monthly
average basis
Inability to monitor and control discrete loads
Billing cycle requires excessive time.
 Electric company benefits

Smart automated processes instead of

manual work
Accurate information from the network load to
optimise maintenance and investments
Customized rates and billing dates.
Streamlined high bill investigations.
Better network performance and cost
efficiency.
Demand and distribution management.
More intelligence to business planning.
Better company credibility.
 Customer benefits
Precise consumption information
Clear and accurate billing
Better and faster customer service
Disadvantages:
Applying the system in large area with multiple
subscribers is not a straightforward task; the
system may need some modifications.
Bluetooth device costs are affordable only by
Apartment residents or residents of colonies
but not independents.
 Future developments:
In our project we have used the old fashion mechanically
operating meters but they are easy to tamper with. In future
digital meters can be used for this project once they become
cheaper.
The other proposed advancement that can be made is the use
of other wireless communication devices. Bluetooth model was
used by us essentially for lab testing purposes. The more
favourable options could be Modems and Zigbee devices that
provide both range and better security. They were not chosen
for this project due to budget restrictions.
 CONCLUSION
IN THIS PAPER, WE PRESENT A DESIGN OF A
BLUETOOTH_ENABLED ENERGY METER TO READ THYE ENERGY
METER WIRELESSLY TWO FEATURES, WHICH CAN RETRIVE THE
METER READING WITH LITTLE HUMAN INTERVIENTION , ARE
PROPOSE AND IMPLEMENTED IN THE TARGETED APPLICATIONS .
THEY ARE amr (AUTOMATIC METER READING ) NAD THE APM, (
AUTOMATIC POLLING MECHANISM ) . THE DESIGN IS BASED ON
CSR BLUTOOTH BLUEEZ MODELE AND ANALOG DEVICE ADE7756
ENERGY METER TO BUILD AN INEXPENSIVE AND RELIABLE
BLUETOOTH –ENABLED ENERGY METER SYSTEM .

WE HAVE SUCCESSFULLY IMLEMENTED THE BLUETOOTH –

ENABLED ENERGY METER FOR SEVERAL SUGGESTED
COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS TO DEMONSTRATE THE ADVANTAGE
OF READING THE ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION WIRELESSLY VIA
BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY . IT DEFIINITELY HELPS TO SAVE COST
AND TIME AS COMPARED TO THE CONVENTIONAL METHOD OF
GETTING THE METER READ .