EXTRACORPOREAL

SHOCKWAVE
LITHOTRIPSY
• A kidney stone is a hard, crystalline mineral
material formed within the kidney or urinary
tract.
• Renal Calculi or Nephrolithiasis is the medical
term for kidney stones.
• Ureteric calculi or stones are those lying within
the ureter, at any point from the
pelvicoureteric junction to the vesicoureteric
junction.

• One in every 20 people develop kidney stones.

• 2.5 mil Malaysians suffer from kidney disease
in 2014.
 • Sharp, sudden
sever pain
(may be
intermittent • Chills, fever (if
depands on infection present)
stone
movement)

• Nausea and
Vomiting • Pain radiates in
the flank area

• Red, pink or
brown urine • Dysuria
 Dehydration
Man >
Women

RISK Dietary

FACTORS Medication

Overweight
/ Obese
Hereditary
 DIAGNOSIS
• Cystoscopy
• Renal Stone Analysis
• Xray KUB
• Serum : Calcium.
Oxalate, Uric Acid
• Ultrasound
ESWL
◦ Prior to the introduction of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
(ESWL) in 1980, the only treatment available for calculi that could
not pass through the urinary tract was open surgery.
◦ Since then, ESWL has become
the preferred tool in the
urologist’s armamentarium for
the treatment of renal stones.

◦ ESWL is minimally invasive,

exposes patients to less
anesthesia, and yields
equivalent stone-free rates in
appropriately selected
patients.
◦ ESWL uses shockwaves to break a kidney stone into small pieces
that can more easily travel through the urinary tract and pass
from the body.
◦ Stones that are between 4 mm (0.16 in.) and 2 cm (0.8 in.) in
diameter are most likely to be treated with ESWL.
ESWL is usually not used if you:
◦ Are pregnant.

◦ Have Acute Pyelonephritis. Must be

treated with Antibiotic at least three
weeks.first.

◦ Have a bleeding disorder.

◦ Have a kidney infection, urinary tract

infection, or kidney cancer.

◦ Have kidneys with abnormal structure or

function.
 SIDE EFFECT
◦ Common (>20%)
- Haematuria
- Petechia
- Nephritic colic/pain

◦ Occasional (1-20%)
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- UTI
- Urinary obstruction
 SIDE EFFECT
Rare (<1%)
◦ Intra renal/ perirenal hematoma
◦ Renal Lesion