Everyday

First Aid
Group #2
Nstp 2
7046
Proper Hand Washing
Proper Hand Washing
Nosebleeds
Nosebleed
Blood discharge from
nose
Cause of occurence:
 very high temperatures
 too much pressure from
hard nose picking
 First aid
treatment Nosebleeds
Steps:
1. Lean patient forward
2. Be still; 10 minutes.
3. If persists, repeat.

*** If still persists

after 20 minutes first
aid, TAKE THE PATIENT
TO THE HOSPITAL.
 Nosebleeds
Fallacies when stopping nose from BLEEDING

STUFFING NOSE
WITH TISSUES
TILTING HEAD
BACK
LYING FLAT ***
 Minor
Wounds
Minor wounds
 Easy to treat
 First Aid
Treatment
promotes:
 Early recovery
 Prevention of
Infection
 Minor
Wounds
MINOR WOUND TREATMENT
1. Wash hands
2. Check for EMBEDDED OBJECTS on the wound
3. Clean wound under RUNNING WATER
4. Clean wound w/ antiseptic wipes *
*FROM THE CENTER OUT, FRESH PIECE each
WIPE
5. Cover wound w/ dressing
6. Raise affected limb IF NECESSARY.
 Minor
Wounds
Treatment for wounds w/ gravel or grit
Present: loose debris on wound

1.1 Wash wound w/

water OR
1.2 Take DEBRIS
gently
(Dab w/ clean
 Minor
Wounds
Treatment for wounds w/ gravel or grit
Present: foreign bodies embedded
1. Cover with clean
dressing (gauze)
2. Bandage dressing into
place
3. Raise injured part
4. Proceed to the
 Minor
Wounds

bruising
Sign of INTERNAL
BLEEDING
Usually caused by
direct impact
 Minor
Wounds
Treatment for minor bruising
1. Check for UNDERLYING
INJURIES (Bone
fractures, Sprains)
2. Apply COLD COMPRESS **
3. Raise & support
injured
 Infected Wounds

INFECTED WOUNDS
Infected Skin pierced-
injuries
 Infection Acquisition:
OPEN WOUNDS s/a: Cuts
Bites

Stings
Open
Fracture
 Infected Wounds
NORMAL WOUND vs.
INFECTED WOUND

PUS

RED REDNESS
STREAKS
 Infected Wounds

prevention First aid

 PROPERLY wash treatment
hands 1. Wash the wound
Cover wound 2. Apply antibiotic

(Sterile ointment.
3. Cover the wound.
Dressing)
4. Regularly do steps
Reduced direct 1-3.
contact *Seek medical
Cough AWAY from attention if no
wound progress.
Dealing with Splinters

splinter
Small, thin, sharp piece of
object
Deeply embedded/ lodged under
finger/toe.
Dealing with Splinters
How to remove?

1. Wash
affected
area.
 Dealing with Splinters

2. Sterilize 3. Use
tweezers magnifying
glass + good
 Dealing with Splinters

4. Break & 5. Grasp

lift skin over the
splinter ** splinter
 Dealing with Splinters
Alternative method
 Dealing with Splinters

Fallacies when dealing with splinters

LEAVING SPLINTER
PINCHING the AFFECTED AREA
“SPLINTERS CARRY NO RISK”
“PLANT THORNS ARE SAFE”
USING a NAIL CUTTER when REMOVING IT
 Foreign Bodies

Foreign bodies
Any object that
entered the body
Accidentally or
by design
 Foreign Bodies
… in the ear
Signs and symptoms
Pain
Temporary Deafness
Discharge

treatment
DO NOT attempt to
remove
Immediately take to
hospital.
 Insect … in the ear

Signs and symptoms

treatment Ear buzzing/ ringing
Pain/ Discomfort
Sit & reassure
patient
Lean head to
unaffected side
Pour warm water *
*** If doesn’t
work, ER.
 Foreign Bodies
… in the ear
PATIENT POSITION
 Foreign Bodies
… in the nose
Signs and symptoms
Pain & Swelling
treatment Discharge (if
Sit & reassure patient
Breathing through MOUTH
been there for
DO NOT ATTEMPT to remove. some time)
**TAKE THE PATIENT TO THE Dyspnea
HOSPITAL Snoring
sound/
breathing
 Foreign Bodies
INHALed objects
Signs and symptoms
Choking Noises
treatment Hacking Cough
Sit & reassure patient Dyspnea
Breathing through MOUTH Ask bystanders
DO NOT ATTEMPT to remove.
**TAKE THE PATIENT TO THE what happened &
HOSPITAL
look around for
bags of nuts,
sweets as evidence
 Foreign Bodies
… in the EYE
treatment Signs and symptoms
Sit patient down, facing Irritation &/
light Pain
Separate eyelids with finger Eye Watering/
& thumb; *EYES: UP & DOWN, Reddening
from L to R Blurring of
GENTLY wash out FB (UA part: Vision
SCLERA)
Tilt head; run water through
the eye ***eyelids held open
Do for up to 30 minutes ;
blink regularly
 Foreign Bodies
… in the EYE
PATIENT POSITION
Foreign Bodies
… in the EYE
Alternative
method
TRY removing with
PIECE of CLEAN/ DAMP
CLOTH
*** If still unable,
take the person to the
hospital.
 Foreign Bodies
Swallowed objects
treatment
If UNABLE to breath, perform HEIMLICH
MANEUVER.
BRING TO HOSPITAL; Monitor breathing

Signs and while otw

symptoms
Abdominal Pain
Interview
bystanders;
look around for
possible small
 Foreign Bodies
inhaled objects
Heimlich maneuver
1. Stand behind the casualty.
2. Put both arms around the UPPER
ABDOMEN.
3. Clench your fist and place it
THUMB SIDE IN, b/n the: belly
button and bottom of breastbone.
4. Grasp it with your other hand.
5. Keep your arms away from the
ribcage and pull sharply INWARDS
and
 Animal Bites

ANIMAL BITES
•DOG BITES: 90% of all
animal bites
•INJURIES: May involve
bones, nerves, and blood
vessels.
•Infections, including
TETANUS and RABIES should
be considered.
 Animal Bites

treatment
Wash bitten part
For BLEEDING WOUNDS: Apply
pressure
Immediately seek medical
attention **SUSPICION of
RABIES/ TETANUS.
 Insect Bites and Stings

BITES andSTINGS

Bites stings
Less Painful Sudden, sharp pain
Usually causes APPEARANCE:
mild discomfort raised, white
and skin patch around
inflammation reddened area of
(Erythema) skin
 Insect Bites and Stings

s/s for ordinary

bites & stings

Erythema, Pain
and Edema
Stinging/
Biting Sensation
 Insect Bites and Stings
Treatment for ordinary
bites & stings
 Remove the sting
 Wash affected area *
 Apply COLD COMPRESS *
 Remove jewelries *
 If persists, SEEK MEDICAL
ATTENTION
 Insect Bites and Stings
Potentially life
threatening
responses to bites &
stings
ANAPHYLAXIS
MULTIPLE
STINGS
EFFECTS of
VENOM
STINGS to
 Insect Bites and Stings
Signs /symptoms of a threatening reaction

dyspnea Swollen lips,

tongue/
throat
 Insect Bites and Stings
Signs /symptoms of a life threatening reactio
“anaphylaxis”

 Biting sensation
 Erythema, pain
and edema

Blotchy skin
First aid treatment to a life threatening
reaction
 Headaches

headache
 Continuous pain on
certain part/s of
the head
 Headaches
primary classifications of an headache
 Headaches
First aid treatments to an headache

SETTLE INTO A CHECK FOR

COMFORTABLE SIGNS AND
POSITION SYMPTOMS
 Headaches
First aid treatments to an headache

TAKE PAINKILLERS If PAIN PERSISTS,

SEEK MEDICAL
ADVICE
 Headaches

Fallacies when treating headaches

DELAYING TREATMENT
TRYING on ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES (w/o
Doctor’s Consult)
MEAL SKIPPING
IGNORING OTHER SIGNS
 Fever
Signs and symptoms
Elevated Temperature
(>37 deg)
Pale Skin
Chilly and Shivery
Feeling
Increased body pain &
headache as temperature
rises
 Fever
First aid treatments to fever

SETTLE INTO A DRINK PLENTY OF

COMFORTABLE COLD DRINKS
POSITION
 Fever
First aid treatments to fever

LOOK FOR SIGNS OF TAKE THE USUAL

INFECTION(RASHES/ DOSE OF
SWOLLEN GLANDS) ANTIPYRETICS
 Fever

Fallacies when treating FEVER

COLD BATHING
ASPIRIN as ANTIPYRETIC MEDICINE
BUNDLING SELF UP
“FEED A COLD, STARVE A FEVER”
ADDING ALCOHOL TO LUKEWARM
WATER WHEN WIPING BODY WITH
DAMP CLOTH
Earache, Toothache and
Sorethroat
EAR/TOOTH ACHE &
SORETHROAT
Pains occurring @ same
time
Preliminary symptom of
another illnesses s/a:
Sinusitis, Tonsilitis,
Flu, Decaying tooth
 Earache, Toothache and
Sorethroat

Earache Treatment
Seek MEDICAL ATTENTION

: Infection/ Insect
inside
LOST HEARING: Eardrum
Rupture
 Earache, Toothache and
Sorethroat

Toothache Treatment
 Use a HOT COMPRESS
 Take painkillers
(Toothache Drops) :
Temporary Relief
 IF still persists,
VISIT a DENTIST.
 Earache, Toothache and
Sorethroat
Sorethroat Treatment
 Brush teeth.
GARGLE: Lukewarm
Water w/ salt OR
Antiseptic
Mouthwash
NO to SWEETS & COLD
BEVS
SEEK MEDICAL
 Earache, Toothache and
Sorethroat

Fallacies when getting rid of sore

throat

COLD WATER
TREATMENT
Abdominal Pain
 Abdominal Pain

First aid Treatment for

abdominal pain
RECALL PAIN HISTORY
SETTLE into COMFORTABLE
POSITION
PROVIDE COVERED HOT-WATER
BOTTLE (Relieves pain)
*** IF PAIN IS SEVERE/
PERSISTS for HALF an HOUR,
seek MEDICAL ADVICE.
Abdominal Pain
 Abdominal Pain
Over-the-counter MEDICATIONS
GAS PAIN/ ACIDITY: SIMETHICONE
(KREMIL-S)
HEARTBURN: ALUMINUM MAGNESIUM
(MAALOX)
CONSTIPATION: SENOKOT
CRAMPS due to DIARRHEA:
BUSCOPAN + LOPERAMIDE
 Abdominal Pain
TIME TO GO TO the HOSPITAL
SEVERE ABDOMINAL PAIN/
PERSISTENT PAIN
NAUSEA + FEVER
BLOODY STOOL
DYSURIA (Painful Urination)
PERSISTENT HEARTBURN
(more than 2 weeks)
 Vomiting and
Diarrhea
Vomiting &
diarrhea
Mainly due to food/
water intake OR
INFECTION
Leads to
DEHYDRATION if left
untreated
Diarrhea
Increased
frequency of BOWEL
MOVEMENT
 Vomiting and
Diarrhea
First aid treatment
 NO: Heavy meal
 YES: Light food; ISOTONIC
DRINK
 Gradually increase amt of
BLAND fluid intake
 LOPERAMIDE & BUSCOPAN
(Diarrhea and Abdominal
Pain)
 METOCLOPRAMIDE (Plasil)
for Vomiting
 Vomiting and
Diarrhea
First aid treatment
 Vomiting and
Diarrhea
What to avoid
 Dairy Products
 Oily Foods
 Dark Colored
Foods/Drinks
What to eat
 Crackers
 ISOTONIC DRINKS
 Banana
 LOTS of WATER
 Vomiting and
Diarrhea
“Fallacies” when treating
diarrhea
LOPERAMIDE
medication even when
at home
Cramps

cramps
MUSCLE SPASMS
CAUSE: Exercising, Loss of
Fluids
 Cramps
• Straighten
knee; Raise
the Leg
(Cramps:
Behind the
Thigh leg)
• Bend the
Cramps Knee
(Cramps:
Treatment Front of
Thigh)
• FIRMLY
Massage
affected
muscle
 Cramps

• Stand affected
sole on ground
•If didn’t
Foot Cramps work,
Treatment
accompany
this with a
gentle
massage.
 Cramps

• Straighten
person’s
knee
• Gently
Calf Cramps push foot
Treatment up towards
the SHIN
• Massage
affected
muscle
Hysteria, Panic Attacks
and Hiccups

HYSTERIA
 Psychological
Disorder
 Disease specific
to women
 Hysteria, Panic Attacks
and Hiccups
First aid treatments to hysteria
 Converse
FIRMLY but
QUITELY
 Isolate from
onlookers
 “FOCUS on your
breathing”
 Stay with
Hysteria, Panic Attacks
and Hiccups
Panic attacks
 Overwhelming
anxiety and fear
 Comes with
physiological
effects: Pounding
of heart,
resulting to
dyspnea
 Hysteria, Panic Attacks
and Hiccups

First aid treatments to panic attacks

 Encourage
sufferer to STAY
CALM
 Breath OWN
EXHALED AIR
 Relaxation
exercises
Hysteria, Panic Attacks
and Hiccups

hiccups
 Involuntary
contractions of
the diaphragm
 Irritation of
diaphragm
 May be due to
medications,
certain foods,
surgery, brain
tumors, etc.
 Hysteria, Panic Attacks
and Hiccups

First aid treatments to hiccups

Give paper bag;
encourage to re-
breathe own
exhaled air
Instruct to HOLD
BREATH for as
long as possible
Allergies

allergies
 Hypersensitive
immune responses
to substances
 Substance w/c
either: enter or
come in contact
with the body
Allergies
 Allergies

Mild reaction treatments

1. ASK for allergic-
reaction history
2. Apply COLD COMPRESS
3. Identify the allergen
4. Seek medical advice.

FOR SEVERE REACTIONS,

CALL FOR IMMEDIATE
MEDICAL ASSISTANCE
Allergies
MILD
REACTION
•Hives
•Itching
•Nasal
congestion
•Rashes
•Watery, red
eyes
 Allergies
MODERATE to
SEVERE RXNs
•Abdominal Pain
•Abnormal Breathing
Sounds
•Anxiety
•Chest Discomfort
•Cough
•Dizziness
•Flushing/ Swelling
•Vomiting
•UNCONSCIOUSNESS
 Allergies

Having
USE OF If has ANYTHIN
PILLOW TROUBLE G by
In mouth
BREATHIN
G
 Allergies

Misconceptions about
ALLERGIES
 “ALLERGY SHOTS WOULD PROVIDE
COMPLETE PROTECTION”
 “ALLERGIC REACTIONS ARE RARELY
SERIOUS”
 PET FUR TRIGGERS ALLERGIES
SMALL BITES are OKAY
Sprain

sprain
Forcible twisting of JOINT
Stretches/ Tears LIGAMENTS
No bone dislocation
 Sprain

First aid treatment

 Stop from activity RIGHT
AWAY
 R.I.C.E : 1st 48 hrs (2 days)
after injury
R EST
I CE
C OMPRESSION
E LEVATION
 NSAIDS: (Ibuprofen/
Paracetamol) – Pain and
Swelling REDUCTION **Avoid
Sprain

Fallacy when treating SPRAIN

Applying HOT
COMPRESS
 Strain

strain
Stretched/ Partially torn MUSCLE/
MUSCLE + TENDON
Powerful/ Sudden Muscle Contraction
 Strain

First aid treatment

 Apply ICE right away
 Strain

First aid treatment

 Apply ICE right away
 Strain

First aid treatment

 Apply ICE right away
 Strain

Fallacy when treating StRAIN

Applying HOT
COMPRESS
 Burns

burns
Damage to body’s tissues
CAUSES: Heat, Chemicals,
Electricity, Sunlight/ Radiation
 Burns
treating FIRST DEGREE BURNS
1. Stop burning immediately
2. Remove constrictive clothing
immediately
3. Cool burn
4. Protect burn
5. Treat pain: Ibuprofen (Advil),
Paracetamol (Biogesic) or
Naproxen (Flanax)
 Burns
treating FIRST DEGREE BURNS
When to see a doctor
• Signs of infection are present
(increased pain, redness,
swelling, fever or oozing)
• Person needs tetanus or booster
shot
• Redness and pain last more than a
few hours
• Pain worsens
 Burns
treating second DEGREE BURNS
1. Stop burning immediately
2. Remove constrictive clothing immediately
3. Cool burn
4. Protect burn
5. Prevent shock:
• Lay the person flat.
• Elevate feet about 12 inches.
• Elevate burn area above heart level, if
possible.
• Cover the person with coat or blanket.
6. See a Doctor
 Burns
treating third DEGREE BURNS
1. Call an ambulance
2. Protect burn area
• Cover loosely with sterile, nonstick bandage, or sheet
or other material that won’t leave a lint in wound
• Separate burned toes and fingers with dry, sterile
dressings
3. Prevent shock
• Lay the person flat
• Elevate feet about 12 inches
• Elevate burn area above heart level, if possible
• Cover the person with coat or blanket
• Have a person with facial burn sit up
4. See a doctor
 Burns

Fallacy when treating burns

Applying
Petroleum Jelly,
Butter or
TOOTHPASTE
Kamsahamnida!
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