Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
• Review basics of
Small Hydro systems
• Electricity for
Central-grids
Isolated-grids
…but also…
Reliability Photo Credit: Robin Hughes/ PNS
• Water passage
Intake with trashrack and gate; tailrace at exit
Excavated canal, underground tunnel and/or penstock
Valves/gates at turbine entrance/exit, for maintenance
Induction
Must be tied to other generators
Use to feed electricity onto large grid
Synchronous
Can function in isolation from other generators Photo Credit: Ottawa Engineering
• Other equipment
Speed increaser to match turbine to generator
Valves, electronic controls, protection devices
Transformer
Site aesthetics
Recreational/navigational uses
Photo Credit: Emil Bedi (Foundation for Alternative Energy)/ Inforse Photo Credit: CHI Energy
© Minister of Natural Resources Canada 2001 – 2002.
Example: USA and China
Isolated-Grid Small Hydro Systems
Small Hydro Generators, China
• Remote communities
• Remote residences
& industry
Calculation of
turbine efficiency
curve
Calculation of
plant capacity
Calculation of
power duration
curve
Calculation of
energy available
See e-Textbook
Renewable Energy Project Analysis:
Calculation of
RETScreen® Engineering and Cases Calculation of
energy delivered
energy delivered
(isolated grid)
Chapter 3: Small Hydro Project Analysis (central grid)
• Turbine efficiency
100%
Compared with
Manufacturer
manufacturer’s data for 80%
Efficiency (%)
RETScreen
an installed 6 MW GEC 60%
Alsthom Francis turbine
40%
• Plant capacity & output 20%
Turbine Efficiency Curves:
RETScreen vs. Manufacturer
Compared with HydrA for 0%
a Scottish site 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
All results within 6.5% Percent of Rated Flow
www.retscreen.net
© Minister of Natural Resources Canada 2001 – 2002.