THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Standard First Aid - Visual Aids

SAFETY SERVICES Shock

OBJECTIVES:
After completing this module, participants will be able to -
1. Define Shock
2. Enumerate the Basic Causes of Shock
3. Identify the Factors which Contribute to Shock
4. Demonstrate the First Aid and Preventive Management of Shock
5. Enumerate the Different Types of Shock
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS First Aid Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Shock

SHOCK
Is a depressed condition of many body functions due to the failure of enough
blood to circulate throughout the body following serious injury.

Basic Causes:

1. PUMP FAILURE – Poor pump function occurs when disease or injury

damages the heart. The heart does not generate enough energy to move the
blood through the system.
2. HYPOVOLEMIA – Blood or fluid loss from blood vessels decreases blood
volume, usually a result of bleeding, and results in adequate perfusion.
3. BLOOD VESSELS DILATE – blood vessels can dilate enough that the
blood within them, even though it is of normal volume, is inadequate to fill
the system and provide efficient perfusion.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS First Aid Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Shock

Other Causes: Factors which contribute to shock:

1.Severe bleeding P – pain

2. Crushing injury R – rough handling
3. Infection I – improper transfer
4. Heart Attack C – continuous bleeding
5. Perforation E – Exposure to extreme cold or
6. Anaphylaxis excessive heat
7. Shell bomb and bullet wound F - Fatigue
8. Rupture of tubal pregnancies
9. Starvation and other diseases
Dangers of Shock:
1. Lead to Death
2. Predisposes body to infection
3. Lead to loss of body part
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS First Aid Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Shock

Signs and Symptoms of Shock

1. Early Stage:
• Face – pale or cyanotic in color.
• Skin – cold and clammy.
• Breathing – irregular.
• Pulse – rapid and weak.
• Nausea and vomiting
• Weakness
•Thirsty
2. Late Stage:
• If the condition deteriorates, victim may become apathetic or relatively
unresponsive.
• Eyes will be sunken with vacant expression.
• Pupils are dilated.
• Blood vessels may be congested producing mottled appearances.
• Blood pressure has very low level.
• Unconscious may occur, body temperature falls.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS First Aid Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Shock

Objectives of First Aid

1. To improve circulation of the blood

2. To ensure an adequate supply of oxygen
3. To maintain normal body temperature
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS First Aid Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Shock

First Aid Management of Shock

1. Proper Body Position. 2. Proper Body Heat

3. Proper Transfer
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS First Aid Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Shock
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS First Aid Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Shock

NAME CAUSES SIGNS/SYMPTOMS TREATMENT

Can develop
within seconds.
Supply
Mild itching.
respiratory
Burning skin.
Allergic support. Assist
Vascular
Anaphylactic reaction (most ventilation.
Dilation.
severe form) Determine cause.
Generalized
Transport
Edema.
promptly.
Profound coma.
Rapid Death.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS First Aid Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Shock

NAME CAUSES SIGNS/SYMPTOMS TREATMENT

Inadequate
heart function. Chest pains.
Position
Disease of Irregular pulse.
comfortable.
muscle tissue. Weak pulse.
Assist
Cardiogenic Impaired Low Blood
ventilation.
electrical Pressure.
Transport
system. Cyanosis.
promptly.
Disease or Anxiety.
injury.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS First Aid Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Shock

NAME CAUSES SIGNS/SYMPTOMS TREATMENT

Secure airway.
Assist
Rapid, weak
ventilation.
pulse. Low
Control external
Loss of Blood Pressure.
bleeding.
Hypovolemic blood or Change in
Elevate legs.
fluid. mental status.
Prevent
Cyanosis. Cool,
aspiration.
clammy skin.
Transport
promptly.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS First Aid Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Shock

NAME CAUSES SIGNS/SYMPTOMS TREATMENT

Rapid, weak
Secure airway.
Excessive loss pulse. Low
Assist
of fluid and Blood
ventilation.
electrolytes due Pressure.
Metabolic Determine
to vomiting, Change in
illness.
urination, or mental status.
Transport
diarrhea. Cyanosis. Cool,
Promptly.
clammy skin.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS First Aid Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Shock

SIGNS/
NAME CAUSES TREATMENT
SYMPTOMS

Secure airway.
Damaged Assist
cervical Slow pulse. ventilation.
spine, which Low Blood Conserve body
Neurogenic
causes blood Pressure. Signs heat. Maximize
vessels to of neck injury. circulation.
dilate widely. Transport
promptly.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS First Aid Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Shock

NAME CAUSES SIGNS/SYMPTOMS TREATMENT

Determine
duration of
Temporary,
unconsciousnes
generalized
s. Record initial
vascular
vital signs and
dilation.
Rapid pulse. mental status.
Anxiety, bad
Psychogenic Normal or low Suspect head
news, sight
blood pressure. injury if patient
of
is confused or
injury/blood,
slow to regain
prospect of
consciousness.
medical.
Transport
promptly.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS First Aid Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES Shock

NAME CAUSES SIGNS/SYMPTOMS TREATMENT

Transport
promptly.
Warm skin. Provide full
Severe
Tachycardia. ventilatory
Septic bacterial
Low Blood support.
infection.
pressure. Elevate legs.
Keep patient
warm.
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RED CROSS Standard First Aid Visual Aids
SAFETY SERVICES