Steam gasification of biomass in dual fluidized bed

gasifiers: A review
Jurgen Karl, Tobias Proll

Bipin Sharma
183172001, MTech

25 September 2018

Department of Energy Science and Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
 Motivation

Helps to delay depletion of fossil fuels and reduce green house gas emission

Promising technology for the production of hydrogen and synthesis gas

high caloric product gas free of N2 dilution

Cheap and stable gasification process for biomass

Slide 2/9
 Biomass gasification

High temperature partial oxidation process

Solid biomass converted into gaseous products using gasifying agent

Fig 1: General three step reaction mechanism for gasification of biomass [1].

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 Fluidized bed gasifier

Fig 2: Operation of fluidized bed gasifier [2].

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 Dual fluidized bed steam gasifier

Fig 3: Operation of dual fluidized bed steam gasifier [3].

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 Types of steam gasifiers
Steam gasifiers with heat transfer by means of moving particles

Interconnected/ recirculated type

Indirectly heated type

Fig 4: Biomass heat pipe reformer [4].

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 Energy balance of DFB gasifiers

Fig 5: Energy balance and typical temperature ranges of DFB gasifier system [4]. Slide 7/9
 Conclusion

Two principal options for DFB gasifiers:

• Circulating bed material as heat carrier and
• Indirect heating using heat pipes
Florin NH, Harris AT. Enhanced hydrogen production from biomass
with in situ carbon
Produces higher concentration of hydrogen and synthesis gas
; 63:287 316.
Process integration and use of waste heat increases process efficiency

Slide 8/9
 Research gaps

Methods to capture CO2 from combustion exhaust gas streams

Use and mechanism of catalyst

Florin NH, Harris AT. Enhanced hydrogen production from biomass
with in
Coordination of process control situ carbon
system
; 63:287 316.

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Thank You
 References

[1] Florin NH, Harris AT. Enhanced hydrogen production from biomass with in
situ carbon dioxide capture using calcium oxide sorbents. Chem Eng. Sci
2008; 63:287-361.

Florin NH, Harris AT. Enhanced hydrogen production

[2] http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0512E/T0512e0a.htm [Accessed: from biomass
22-09-2018].
with in situ carbon
; 63:287 316.
[3] Pfeifer C, Rauch R, Hofbauer H. In-bed catalytic tar reduction in a dual
fluidized bed biomass steam gasifier. Ind Eng. Chem Res 2004; 43:1634-40.

[4] Jurgen Karl, Tobias Proll. Steam gasification of biomass in dual fluidized
bed gasifiers; A review. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 98 (2018)
64-78.
 Appendix
1. Tar: It is defined as the condensable fraction of the organic gasification
products which are largely aromatic hydrocarbons with molecular weights
higher than benzene.

2. Syngas: Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a fuel gas mixture consisting

Florinprimarily of hydrogen,
NH, Harris carbon monoxide,
AT. Enhanced hydrogenand very often from
production some biomass
carbon
dioxide. with in situ carbon
; 63:287 316.
3. Char is the solid material that remains after light gases (e.g. coal gas)
and tar have been driven out or released from a carbonaceous material
during the initial stage of combustion, which is known
as carbonization, charring, devolatilization or pyrolysis.

4. Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of materials at elevated

temperatures in an inert atmosphere.