TILE ADHESIVES, TILE GROUTS AND

PLASTERING SKIM COATS

BY JOASH RAMIREZ
 WHAT ARE TILE
ADHESIVES?

• GENERAL DEFINTION:
– TILE ADHESIVES ARE READY-MIXED AND
SPECIALLY FORMULATED FROM
ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT(OPC),
SELECTED FINE SAND, AND ADDITIVES TO
IMPROVE ITS ESSENTIAL PROPERTIES
FOR LAYING TILES.
 TWO MAIN CATEGORIES
OF TILE ADHESIVES

• MASTIC ADHESIVES/PRE-MIXED TILE

ADHESIVES
– CONTAIN ORGANIC MATERIALS SUCH AS
ACRYLIC EMULSION POLYMERS,
NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC RUBBER, AND
OTHER POLYMER RESINS.
 TWO MAIN CATEGORIES
OF TILE ADHESIVES

• MASTIC ADHESIVES/PRE-MIXED TILE

ADHESIVES
MAY BE USED IN AREAS THAT WILL BE
EXPOSED TO INDIRECT MOISTURE,SUCH
AS THE WALL OUTSIDE OF A SHOWER.
× NEVER USE THEM FOR AREAS THAT WILL
GET FREQUENT, DIRECT MOISTURE. EX.
FLOOR OUTSIDE THE SHOWER OR WALLS
INSIDE THE SHOWER.
 TWO MAIN CATEGORIES
OF TILE ADHESIVES

• THINSET MORTARS
– ARE COMPRISED OF PORTLAND CEMENT,
AGGREGATES SUCH AS SILICA SAND OR
LIMESTONE, AND MODIFIERS, SUCH AS
REDISPERSABLE LATEX POLYMER
POWDERS, AND CELLULOSE ETHERS.
 TWO MAIN CATEGORIES
OF TILE ADHESIVES

• THINSET MORTARS
 CAN BE USED TO INSTALL TILES IN WET
AREAS OR AREAS SUBJECTED TO
FREQUENT HEAT, SUCH AS SHOWER
STALLS, KITCHEN AND BATHROOM
FLOORS. THEY ARE ALSO BEST FOR
APPLICATIONS NEAR HEAT SOURCES AND
HEAVY TRAFFIC FLOORS.
 TYPES OF TILE
ADHESIVES

• CEMENT BASED (C)

• DISPERSION (D)

• RESIN REACTION (R)

 TYPES OF TILE
ADHESIVES

• DISPERSION (D)
– DISPERSION ADHESIVES ARE “READY TO
USE” ADHESIVES WHICH COME PREMIXED
IN A BUCKET, SUCH AS MASTICS.
 TYPES OF TILE
ADHESIVES

• RESIN REACTION (R)

– ARE ADHESIVES THAT CURE BY A
CHEMICAL REACTION, AND ARE EITHER A
SINGLE COMPONENT, SUCH AS
POLYUTHERANE ADHESIVES OR TWO OR
MORE COMPONENTS SUCH AS EPOXY
ADHESIVES.
 TYPES OF TILE
ADHESIVES
• ADHESIVE CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGNATION
CLASSIFICATION COMPOSTION AND PROPERTIES
TYPE C CEMENTITIOUS ADHESIVE-HYDRAULIC BINDING RESIN
TYPE D DISPERSION ADHESIVE-AQUEOUS ORGANIC POLYMER
RESIN
TYPE R REACTION RESIN ADHESIVE-ONE OR TWO COMPONENT
SYNTHETIC RESIN
CLASS 1 NORMAL ADHESIVE
CLASS 2 IMPROVED ADHESIVE
CLASS F FAST SETTING ADHESIVE
CLASS T REDUCED SLIP ADHESIVE
CLASS E EXTENDED OPEN TIME ADHESIVE
CLASS S1 DEFORMABLE ADHESIVE
CLASS S2 HIGHLY DEFORMABLE
 TESTING OF TILE
ADHESIVES
• FUNDAMENTAL TEST:
– TENSILE ADHESION STRENGTH
– TENSILE ADHESION STRENGTH AFTER
WATER IMMERSION
– TENSILE ADHESION STRENGTH AFTER
HEAT AGEING
– TENSILE ADHESION STRENGTH AFTER
FREEZE/THAW CYCLES
– TENSILE ADHESION STRENGTH AFTER 20
MINUTE OPEN TIME
 TESTING OF TILE
ADHESIVES

• TESTS FOR THE OPTIONAL

CHARACTERISTICS
– EXTENDED OPEN TIME TEST ( THE “E”
CHARACERTISTIC)
– FAST SETTING TEST ( THE “F”
CHARACTERISTIC)
– SLIP RESISTANCE TEST ( THE “T”
CHARACTERISTIC)
– TRANSVERSE DEFORMABILITY TEST ( THE “S”
CHARACERTISTIC)
 BRANDS OF TILE
ADHESIVES

BETONIT PREMIER TILE ADHESIVE

ABC TILE ADHESIVE

POWERBOND
BAUFIX TILE ADHESIVE TILE GROUT
 STORAGE AND PACKAGING

• ALL CEMENTITIOUS PRODUCTS MUST

BE STORED AT COOL AND DRY AREAS.
• MOST TILE ADHESIVES ARE PACKED
IN 20 OR 25/BAG.
• THERE ALSO TILE ADHESIVES THAT
ARE PACKED IN 4 KG OR 4 L PALE.
 TILE GROUTS

• GENERAL DEFINITION
– GROUT IS THE MATERIAL THAT IS
APPLIED BETWEEN TILES TO FILL IN
THE SPACES AND GIVES STRENGTH
TO THE TILEWORK.
 SANDED VS NON-SANDED

• SANDED GROUT
– CONTAINS VERY FINE SAND AND IS BEST
FOR WIDER GROUT LINES.
•NON-SANDED GROUT
- IS BEST FOR VERY THIN GROUT LINES. IT
IS EASIER TO WORK WITH VERTICAL
SURFACES.
 OTHER TYPES OF GROUT
• EPOXY GROUT
– IT IS IDEAL WHEN THE TILE IS EXPOSED TO
LARGE AMOUNTS OF WATER AND IT IS
AVAILABLE IN BOTH SANDED AND
UNSANDED VARIETIES
– IT OFFERS WATER RESISTANT
PROPERTIES AND IT IS RECOMMENDED
FOR QUARRY TILE, CERAMIC, PORCELAIN,
AND COUNTERTOPS.
 OTHER TYPES OF GROUT
• FURAN GROUT
– IS SIMILAR TO EPOXY, BUT ARE
COMPOSED OF POLYMERS OF FORTIFIED
ALCOHOLS THAT ARE HIGHLY CHEMICAL
RESISTANT.
– IS MOSLTY USED FOR INDUSTRIAL
PROJECTS SUCH AS LABORATORIES,
DAIRIES, AND MEAT PACKING PLANTS.
 RECOMMENDED USES

LOCATION/USE SANDED GROUT NON-SANDED GROUT

BATHROOM OR YES YES

KITCHEN FLOOR
RECTIFIED TILE NO YES

SHOWER WALL NO YES

SHOWER PAN YES YES

BATHROOM WALL NO YES

POLISHED OR NO YES
HONED STONE
 BRANDS OF TILE
GROUTS

ABC TILE BETONIT TILE TARGET

GROUT GROUT TILE GROUT
PROCEDURE
 PLASTERING SKIM COATS

• SKIM COATING
– IS A TEXTURING TECHNIQUE USED TO
MAKE A WALL SMOOTH.
– IS THE ONLY WAY TO ACHIEVE A LEVEL
FIVE DRYWALL FINISH.
 FINISH LEVELS
• LEVEL 0, 1, 2
– ARE APPROPRIATE FOR HIDDEN VIEW,
SUCH AS ATTICS, GARAGES AND
UNFINISHED STORAGE SPACES.

• LEVEL 3
– NEEDS A HEAVY COAT OF TEXTURE
TO HIDE TAPED SEAMS
 FINISH LEVELS
• LEVEL 4
– IS ONE THAT HAS FLAT SEAMS AND WILL
APPEAR FLAT WHEN PROPERLY PAINTED

• LEVEL 5
– CAN WITHSTAND CLOSE SCRUTINY
UNDER A VARIETY OF LIGHTING SOURCES
AND APPEAR FLAT, WITH NO VISIBLE
EVIDENCE OF SEAMS OR FASTENERS.
 BRANDS OF SKIM COATS

BOSTIK BOYSEN BETONIT ISLAND MORTABOND

READY MIX
SUPER KINIS SKIM COAT
SKIM COAT
SKIM COAT
 STORAGE AND PACKAGING

• MUST BE STORED IN COOL DRY

PLACES

• ARE PACKED IN 20 OR 25KG/BAG

PROCEDURE
 SOURCES
• BOOKS
– MATERIALS FOR ARCHITECTS & BUILDERS
BY ARTHUR LYONS

– BUILDING CONSTRUCTION: PRINCIPLES,

PRACTICES AND MATERIALS BY GLENN M.
HARDIE
 SOURCES
• SUPPLIER
– ASIATIC MORTAR INTERGRADES
NOLITO VERGARA: CONTACT INFO
CELL: 09258324664 LANDLINE: (032) 239-
4334
 SOURCES
• WEBSITES:
• http://www.australianmastertilers.com.au/tech-info/adhesive-
classification
• http://www.flooring-professionals.com/choosing-the-right-tile-adhesive/
• http://www.dowconstructionchemicals.com/na/en/feature-info/fast-
facts0211.htm
• http://www.wisegeek.org/what-are-the-different-types-of-tile-
adhesive.htm
• http://www.weberthai.com/en/weber/knowledge/tileadhesive-tip/why-
do-we-need-to-use-tile-adhesive-to-lay-tiles-what-are-the-benefits.html
• http://construction.about.com/od/Special-Construction/a/Types-Of-Grout-
Different-Types-Of-Grout.htm
• http://homerenovations.about.com/od/glossary/g/grout.htm
• http://www.diyadvice.com/diy/drywall/taping-sanding/levels-of-finish/
• http://homeguides.sfgate.com/skim-coat-painting-walls-73714.html